. Rapid upregulation of endothelial P-selectin expression via reactive oxygen species generation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283: H2054-H2061, 2002. First published July 26, 2002 10.1152/ ajpheart.01011.2001.-Endothelial cell ICAM-1 upregulation in response to TNF-␣ is mediated in part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the endothelial membrane-associated NADPH oxidase and occurs maximally after 4 h as the synthesis of new protein is required. However, thrombin-stimulated P-selectin upregulation is bimodal, the first peak occurring within minutes. We hypothesize that this early peak, which results from the release of preformed P-selectin from within Weibel-Palade bodies, is mediated in part by ROS generated from the endothelial membraneassociated xanthine oxidase. We found that this rapid expression of P-selectin on the surface of endothelial cells was accompanied by qualitatively parallel increases in ROS generation. Both P-selectin expression and ROS generation were inhibited, dose dependently, by the exogenous administration of disparate cell-permeable antioxidants and also by the inhibition of either of the known membrane-associated ROSgenerating enzymes NADPH oxidase or xanthine oxidase. This rapid, posttranslational cell signaling response, mediated by ROS generated not only by the classical NADPH oxidase but also by xanthine oxidase, may well represent an important physiological trigger of the microvascular inflammatory response.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the putative relation of platelet activating factor (PAF), xanthine oxidase, reactive oxidants, and leukocytes in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury after shock/resuscitation (S/R) in vivo.

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