Accumulating evidence has shown that thermal ablation can induce spontaneous distant tumor regression, which is also known as abscopal effect. Abscopal effect might depend upon the activation of antitumor immune response. However, such responses induced by thermal ablation had been thought to be usually weak and that they rarely induce distant tumor regression. Recently, results of several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that thermal ablation can induce therapeutically effective systemic antitumor immune response if appropriate immunomodulators are combined. To elucidate the mechanisms of these promising strategies, effects of thermal ablation on the immune system are overviewed. Furthermore, recent promising preclinical and clinical studies examining enhancement of systemic antitumor immune response by combining thermal ablation and immunomodulation are summarized.

B-RTO is effective for gastrointestinal varices and portosystemic shunts.

SSRSs were classified into three types depending on the confluence point with the renal vein, and into three types of course. These findings are useful for preoperative information.

Shunt occlusion increases portal venous blood flow and decreases hepatic arterial blood flow, thereby improving the liver profile.

Case: We report a case of hemorrhagic shock due to a ruptured gastric artery aneurysm successfully treated with transarterial embolization. A 72-year-old woman with cholangitis presented with hemoperitoneum following a ruptured aneurysm of the gastric artery.Outcome: Emergent computed tomography and angiography were carried out and the patient was found to have spontaneous bleeding from both branches of the left and right gastric arteries. Transcatheter embolization was carried out at the distal branch of both gastric arteries with a coil. The patient recovered well with no recurrent bleeding. Conclusions:Although rare, visceral artery rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained hemorrhagic shock with abrupt onset of hemoperitoneum. Computed tomography and angiography are useful tools for obtaining prompt and accurate localization of the bleeding points.