Sublobar resection should be considered as an alternative for stage IA non-small cell lung cancers 2 cm or less, even in low-risk patients. These results could lay the foundation for starting randomized controlled trials anew, which would bring great changes of lung cancer surgery in this era of early detection of lung cancer.

The results of this study indicate that in patients with peripheral T1 N0 M0 non-small cell lung cancer whose maximum tumor diameter was 2 cm or less, the outcome of limited pulmonary resection is comparable with that of pulmonary lobectomy.

Among the clinical stage IA NSCLC patients in whom all four predictors were identified, one third of the patients showed mediastinal nodal metastasis, and thus, those patients should be a target for mediastinal node assessment by invasive modalities, such as mediastinoscopy or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

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