Effective waste concrete recycling is desirable from the viewpoints of environmental protection and extending the working lives of waste concrete final disposal sites. Recycled fine aggregate powders (RFAP) were obtained by milling waste concrete, and in this paper, we attempted to use RFAP as reinforcement particles in a polyethylene (PE) composite material. The PE powder and RFAP were blended together, and composites were fabricated using compression molding. Our results showed that the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the created composites improved with increased RFAP content. The RFAP dispersion state was honeycomb-like in the composite material, and from inspecting the specimen side view after three-point bending tests, it was apparent that crack propagation proceeded into the RFAP part of the composite, between PE particles. We then performed elastic stress analysis on the composites, in order to define the RFAP reinforcing behavior, using finite element analysis based on the homogenization method. As a result, it was revealed that the Mises stress decreased with increased RFAP content, confirming that there is a potential role for RFAP as reinforcement particles in PE-based composites.

In this study, the effects of fly ash in composites fabricated by injection molding are examined. Taguchi design of experiment was first utilized to estimate the effects different injection molding conditions and content ratios of fly ash have on a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)‐fly ash composite. The results reveal that the content of fly ash is highly significant and contributive to the shrinkage ratio and bending strength. For these reasons, LLDPE and polypropylene (PP) composites with different size particles of fly ash were fabricated and the mechanical properties were investigated. The particle size was changed by grinding fly ash with a planetarium ball mill. The shrinkage ratio, bending strength and flexural modulus of LLDPE composites containing raw fly ash were found to improve. The shrinkage ratio and flexural modulus of PP composites containing ground fly ash were also found to improve. Homogenization analysis using the finite element method was then used to calculate the Von Mises stress distributions and homogenized elastic matrix of PP composites containing ground fly ash. The homogenized elastic matrix was used to validate the experimental flexural modulus. The results show that the homogenized elastic matrix is in good agreement with the experimental flexural modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

Coal ash is industry waste exhausted lots of amount by electric power plant. The particle sizes of coal ash, especially coal fly ash are very fine, and the chemical component are extremely resemble with Okinawa-Kucha clay. From the point of view that clay is composed of particles of micro meter size in diameter, we should try the application for fabrication of composite material using coal fly ash and clay. The comparison of the mechanical properties of composite material using coal fly ash and clay were performed during electric furnace burning and spark plasma sintering. As a result, the bending strength of composite material containing the coal ash 10% and fired at 1423K using the electric furnace after press forming at 30 MPa showed the highest value of 47 MPa. This phenomenon suggests a reinforcement role of coal ash particles to clay base material. In spark plasma sintering process, the bending strength of the composite material containing the clay 5-10% to fly ash base material fired at 1473K and pressured at 20 MPa showed the highest value of 88 MPa. This result indicates a binder effect of clay according to the liquid phase sintering of melted clay surrounding around coal fly ash particles surface.

This study investigated the conditions for zeolite synthesis from waste concrete powder (WCP) using the hydrothermal synthesis method. The WCP was prepared by milling the waste concrete using pot mill equipment. The synthesis conditions, i.e., the heating time, heating temperature, and NaOH solution concentration were varied. Furthermore, hydrochloric acid-treated WCP (WCP-HCl), which is removed the calcium component, was prepared to examine the effectiveness of acid treatment in the zeolite synthesis. The zeolite synthesis was investigated using X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analcime-type zeolite was synthesized using WCP and WCP-HCl. The requirements of synthesis conditions for analcime were as follows: heating time above 12 h, heating temperature above 433 K, and NaOH solution concentration above 2 mol/ L. With a progressive increase in the concentration of the NaOH solution from 5 to 7 mol/L, analcime could be synthesized at NaOH concentrations below 4 mol/L, while cancrinite was synthesized at NaOH concentrations exceeding 5 mol/L. The peak intensity of analcime and cancrinite of WCP-HCl showed high value in comparison to the WCP. Thus, the effectiveness of the HCl treatment of WCP was confirmed from the XRD patterns.

ABSTRACT. A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and used for the simultaneous determination of bilirubin and biliverdin in pericardial fluid samples collected from broilers at a poultry inspection site. A photodiode array detector distinguishing the bilirubin (UV 450 nm) and biliverdin (365 nm) was used as an analytical detector for HPLC system. An internal-surface reversed-phase silica support column was used, and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: 0.5 M Tris HCl buffer (20:80, pH 7.2). Bilirubin was detected from all of the jaundiced pericardial fluid samples, and a small amount of biliverdin was detected with bilirubin in some samples. These jaundiced broilers had hepatic or bile duct lesions similar to those found in edible animals. From these results, a working definition of jaundiced broilers for poultry inspection sites was suggested: bilirubin is detectable from pericardial fluid and the carcass is in a state of yellow color change. -KEY WORDS: broiler, HPLC, jaundice.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(8): 677-680, 1997 bilirubin (Bδ), DCB, monoconjugated bilirubin (MCB) and UCBL as described in our previous report [11]. The liquid chromatograph consisted of LC-6AD and an auto injector SIL-6B (Shimadzu Seisakusyo Co., Kyoto, Japan) using an internal-surface reversed-phase silica support (ISRP) column (Pinkerton column) [4,5]. The ISRP column was used with a guard column packed with the same packing material. The mobile phase contained 20% acetonitrile (Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Tokyo) and 80% 0.5M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2). The eluants were measured by a photodiode array (PDA) detector at a wavelength of 450 nm for bilirubin and 365 nm for BV. The lower limits of detection, standard lines and recovery rates in each standard of UCBL, DCB and BV were measured. The pretreatment procedure for the ISRP column was very simple compared to the reversed phase column. A volume of 0.3-0.5 ml of sample was put into the Eppendorf tube, then centrifuged at 3,500 g for 6 min. Finally 20 µl of the supernatant was injected into HPLC.Investigation of sample availability: Nine pericardial