The past decade has seen the rapid development of artificial intelligence. It has resulted in extensive usage and reliance within many diverse fields that influences our daily lives as well as human rights, and especially the prohibition of discrimination. The thesis examines artificial intelligence discrimination and asks why and how it occurs, who is (more likely to be) affected by it, and how policymakers should respond to protect human rights. The findings reveal that artificial intelligence discriminates in various ways, and the most vulnerable and discriminated groups are more likely to be victims of it. Many problems in the field stem from lack of regulation and over-reliance on artificial intelligence. This thesis makes a preliminary recommendation and invites policymakers to cautiously regulate artificial intelligence to prevent artificial intelligence discrimination.

In this paper, a method called "Boolean subtraction" which enables the subtraction of two minterms and of two functions of the disjunctive normal form respectively of two ternary-vectors and of two ternary-vector-lists is presented. The advantage of "Boolean subtraction" is that the calculated results are already presented in an orthogonal form, which has a significant advantage for further calculations. It replaces two procedures, once building the difference and then the subsequent orthogonalizing and has faster computing time in comparison. Furthermore, another equation is developed from the property of this new method providing orthogonal results in order to orthogonalize functions of the disjunctive normal form.

In this paper a new logical operation method called " presented. It is used to calculate the difference, but also the complement of a function as well as the EXOR and EXNOR of two minterms respectively two ternary respectively two ternary-vector logical operation method called "orthogonal OR advantages of both methods are their results, which are already available form that has an essential advantage for continuing calculations. Since it applies, an orthogonal disjunctive normal form is equal to orthogonal antivalence normal form, subsequent Boolean differential calculus will be simplified.

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