The electoral process is an integral part of a democratic system. It is the legitimate and constitutional way of coming into power and governing the state. Consistency in the process of elections and a transparent electoral process strengthens the overall political development in the state. The electoral system of Pakistan encompasses multiple factors including identity, party affiliation, local grouping, and provincial-based issues. Punjab has a vital role in the overall political dynamics of Pakistan. In this context, this paper entails a quantitative and qualitative study of the main electoral trends of Punjab. It is being observed that political party-based association, local groupings, factors of caste, biradari, ideology, and religious identities are the main contributing factors in defining the voting behavior and constituency trend in Punjab.

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Objectives: The location of crown margins is very important for the health of periodontal tissues. This study was designed toevaluate the gingival health of teeth before and six months after tooth crowning. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Islamic InternationalDental Hospital. Period: March 2010 to June 2011. Method: 50 patients were selected from the out patient department. Who were advisedcrowns for replacement of lost tooth structure and data was collected before and six months after crown insertion. Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI)was used to evaluate periodontal health. All recorded data was entered in computer and was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 17 dataanalyzer and comparisons were performed using chi square test. Results: Results showed that patients inserted with crowns had signs ofperiodontal disease. ( p value = 0.03). Conclusions: It may be concluded from the study that sub gingival crown margins have detrimental effecton gingival health.