The Citarum watershed is one of the priority watersheds due to problems of critical land, flooding, erosion, and sedimentation which continue to increase every year. As the main catchment area that contributes to maintaining the availability of water resources, the upstream Citarum watershed continues to experience a reduction in forest and an increase in built-up land. A research aimed to analyze land use changes to the hydrological characteristics was carried out at the Watershed. The methods used include interpretation of SPOT image data, analysis of land use changes, and determining the values of KRA and KAT. The results of the analysis of land use change conditions in 2009-2018 saw a reduction in forest area (-5.5%), rice fields (-17.4%), and shrubs (-60.8%). Land use increased in built up land (39.7%), dry land agriculture (13%), plantations (6.4%), and open land (95.5%). The highest discharge occurred in 2010 at 606,3 m3/second and the lowest discharge in 2012 was 4,3 m3/second. The KRA and KAT values of the Upper Citarum watershed were moderate and very high. The multiple linear regression model of the relationship between land use changes that affect river flow fluctuations is Y = 2380.5 + 0.9 rainfall -206.5 forest + 6.1 build-up area -31.8 dryland agriculture + e. Other factors that influence the increase in river discharge are the slope of land slopes, rainfall patterns, and inadequate land use methods. Keywords: hydrological characteristics, landuse change, Upper Citarum watershed

This research was an effort to formulate an easy and modern Arabic learning method for non-Arabic speakers. Learning Arabic at CEFR does not only focus on the principles of Nahwu as science or practice, but also there are other competencies that must be included in its learning. This research was descriptive qualitative in nature with the primarily data was the study of the Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR). Data analysis was carried out by document analysis on the CEFR-based Arabic learning competency and the results were presented in descriptive form. This research resulted two main competency standards in teaching Arabic based on CEFR, they were: language competence in general and communicative language competence. In this general competency there were four derivative competencies, namely: 1) declarative knowledge; 2) expertise and skills; 3) existential competence; and (4) the ability to learn. Meanwhile, the CEFR only defined communicative language competence in its three derivative competencies, namely: 1) linguistic competence; 2) sociolinguistic competence; and 3) pragmatic competence.

Increasing of natural resources utilization as a result ofpopulation growthandeconomic developmenthas causedseveredamage on the watershed. The impactsof naturaldisasterssuch asfloods, landslides anddroughtsbecome more frequent. Cisadane Catchment Area is one of 108 priority watershed in Indonesia.SWAT is currently applied worldwide and considered as a versatile model that can be used to integrate multiple environmentalprocesses, which support more effective watershed management and the development of betterinformed policy decision. Theobjective of this study is to examine the applicability of SWAT model for modeling mountainous catchments, focusing on Cisadane catchment Area in west Java Province, Indonesia. The SWAT model simulation was done for the periods of 2005-2010 while it used landuse information in 2009. Methods of Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver. 2 (SUFI2) and combine with manual calibration were used in this study to calibrate a rainfall-runoff. The Calibration is done on 2007 and the validation on 2009, the R 2 and Nash Sutchliffe Efficiency (NSE) of the calibration were 0.71 and 0.72 respectively and the validation are 0.708 and 0.7 respectively. The monthly average of surface runoff and total water yield from the simulation were 27.7 mm and 2718.4 mm respectively.This study showedSWAT model can be apotential monitoring tool especially for watersheds in Cisadane Catchment Area or in the tropical regions. The model can be used for anotherpurpose,especiallyin watershed management.

Parent's attention to children is still lacking, caused by several things including busyness, low educational background, lack of parent's direction of everything that has been achieved by the child, causing the child to become indifferent to learning. The problems that arise are how the influence of parenting parents on student learning discipline at MTs Al Hidayah Ciomas Panjalu.This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of parenting on student learning discipline in MTs Al Hidayah Ciomas Panjalu.The method used in this research is descriptive method with quantitative approach. The study population at MTs Al Hidayah was 162 students with a sample of 35 people. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The data collection tool taken was observation and questionnaire as many as 35 respondents, after the data was collected with complete stages. The next step was data analysis using spermant rank coefficient (rs). Parental parenting values in Al Hidayah MTs were obtained at 39.4 at intervals of 38.2 - 40.3 with a fairly good classification. While the learning discipline value of students in Al Hidayah MTs was obtained at 37.97 at intervals of 35.22 - 38.44 with poor classification. Based on the testing of hypotheses that have been done, the results have a pretty good effect between parenting parents with student learning discipline in MTs Al Hidayah. This is obtained from rs = 0.59 with the Guilford scale at an interval of 0.41 - 0.60 with a fairly good classification. The pattern of Oreangtua Parenting affects the Discipline of Student Learning is 35% so 65% is influenced by other factors. The influence of these two variables, namely Parenting Parents Against Student Learning Discipline is a significant correlation. This is evidenced by t_count = 4.20> t_table = 1.69236 so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus Parenting Parents have a pretty good effect on Student Learning Discipline.

Intelligence and learners' language development is inseparable from the role of language education, both from elementary to advanced level, from formal to informal education. Learning design is closely related to daily activities of learners in listening, communicating, writing and also reading. The most important thing in the concept of language learning is how to teach the language through direct experience that stresses in the process of habituation and the process of ongoing lesson.