Market‐oriented restructurings of long‐term care policies contribute significantly to the aggravation of care workers’ situations. This article focuses on the effects of broader long‐term care policy developments on market‐oriented reforms. Germany, Japan and Sweden are three countries that have introduced market‐oriented reforms into home‐based care provision embedded in distinct long‐term care policy developments. Conceptually, this article draws on comparative research on care to define the institutional dimensions of long‐term care policies. Empirically, the research is based on policy analyses, as well as on national statistics and a comparative research project on home‐care workers in the aforementioned countries. The findings reveal the mediating impact of the extension and decline of long‐term public care support and the corresponding development of the care infrastructure on both the restructuring of care work and the assessments of the care workers themselves.

Rice SPK is a calmodulin-like domain protein kinase specific to immature seeds and promotes the degradation of sucrose. Therefore, antisense SPK transformants showed a defective production of storage starch, but accumulated sucrose in watery seeds. Despite a reduced sink strength, no difference was found in the sucrose concentration in phloem sap of the transformants and wild-type plants, which increased after floral organ induction to levels greater than 500 mM. However, sucrose was detected at relatively lower levels in the watery seed sap. These results suggest that sucrose content in the phloem is regulated independently from the demand for carbon sources in the sink organs.

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