No abstract

Recent reports have suggested that SDF (Stromal cell-derived factor)-1α- CXCR4 axis has a direct effect on stem and progenitor cell recruitment in muscle and neural tissue repair after injury. No information is available about SDF-1α or CXCR4 in dental tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of SDF-1α and its receptor, CXCR4, in healthy or inflamed human dental pulp and to evaluate the effects of SDF-1α on dental pulp cells (DPCs) in both proliferation and migration in vitro. Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR detected weak expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in healthy dental pulp and strong expression of SDF-1a and CXCR4 in inflamed dental pulp. An MTT assay demonstrated that SDF-1α could not promote DPCs proliferation. A transmigration assay, however, indicated that SDF-1α enhanced DPCs migration, and which could be abolished by anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Taken together, these results imply that the SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis may play a role in the recruitment of CXCR4-positive DPCs toward the damaged sites

No abstract

The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 plays a central physiological role in oxygen and energy homeostasis, and is activated during hypoxia by stabilization of the subunit HIF-1α. Recent studies have demonstrated that non-hypoxic stimuli can also activate HIF-1α in a cell-specific manner. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of BEAS-2B cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells by proinflammatory cytokines TNFα/IL-4 strongly induced expression and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α under normoxic conditions and amplified hypoxic HIF-1α activation. TNFα/IL-4 stimulated de novo HIF-1α gene transcription and translation rather than affected HIF-1α protein degradation and mRNA decay process. The activation of HIF-1α by TNFα/IL-4 was countered by the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY-294002 and rapamycin, an antagonist of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), but not by inhibition of the MAPK pathway. In line, TNFα/IL-4 also activated NF-κB, whereas blocking of NF-κB by an inhibitor or silencing NF-κB subunit p65 attenuated HIF-1α activation by TNFα/IL-4. We also found the collaborative induction of VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor required for airway remodeling, by TNFα/IL-4 and hypoxia partially via HIF-1α pathway in BEAS-2B cells. This study reports the previously unsuspected collaborative regulation of HIF-1α by TNFα/IL-4 and hypoxia in bronchial epithelial cells partially via PI3K-mTOR and NF-κB pathway, and thereby will lead to the elucidation of the importance of HIF-1 in integrating inflammatory and hypoxic response in the pathogenesis of airway diseases.