In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for assessing student satisfaction with universities and the likelihood of students recommending their institutions to other prospective students. Student satisfaction is conceptualised as a mediator between resources and capabilities and recommendation. The resources and capabilities that contribute to student satisfaction are identified as teaching, learning, technology, library, student services and student orientation. The resource needs of local and international students are compared. The data are analysed through path modelling, which results in a holistic perspective of the relationships. The findings suggest that more resources are required to satisfy local students than foreign students-that is, that local students perceive a larger pool of resources to be important for their satisfaction while foreign students appear to require a smaller pool. The implications of the study for university administrators are discussed and areas for future research are suggested.
In this article we examine the interplay between the severity of a brand transgression, consumers' prior awareness of the firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, and the firm's response (apology vs. apologia) on the rates of forgiveness among consumers. Results of two experiments show that consumers' prior awareness of the firm's CSR initiatives significantly differentiates apologia from apology, with the effect of apology on consumer forgiveness being more apparent when brand transgression severity is mild. Results also show that consumer forgiveness mediates the effect of brand transgression severity, firm response, and consumer awareness on repurchase intentions. In this way, the study enables managers to determine whether or not an apology or apologia will be sufficient to solicit consumer forgiveness, using information about the levels of awareness of CSR among consumers.
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