The ligand exchange of 6-mercaptohexanol on the surface CuInS 2 quantum dots not only improves their solution processability in alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide but also modulates their electrical band gap and thus the charge injection and extraction at the charge transport interfaces. Bifunctional light-emitting and photodetection devices based on these alcohol-soluble CuInS 2 quantum dots are realized adopting an inverted structure with ZnO as the electron transport layer and poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4′-(N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylaminel)] and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate as the hole transport layers. The optimized device with selected active layer thickness exhibits red emission at 647 nm with a maximum luminance of 1600 cd/m 2 under forward bias and works as a photodetector at zero bias with a maximum responsibility of 0.53 mA/W and detectivity of 2.5 × 10 10 jones. Furthermore, with interface engineering of the polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) layer at the electron transport side, more balanced charge injection is achieved, leading to reducing electroluminescence roll-off effect. The insulating PEIE layer also blocks the current leakage, giving rise to reduced dark current and improved detectivity of 3.5 × 10 10 jones. The effective bidirectional charge transfer achieved under simplified device design using the alcohol-soluble quantum dots brings a new candidate for multifunctional devices.

In recent years, the world's major automobile producing countries and major automobile manufacturing enterprises are speeding up the development and manufacturing of new energy vehicles. Scholars from all walks of life have also studied the new energy vehicle enterprises from different perspectives. This article, through factor analysis to financial performance evaluation of listed 55 new energy automobile companies in China, has found factors affecting financial performance, and come to conclusions of each factor score and comprehensive score. Objective analysises of the impact of factors on financial performance of new energy vehicles listed company in China are made, and corresponding suggestions are advanced.

A new density pseudocolor encoding of black -white photograph by Bragg effect of the reflective grating is presented. The method and process are given. A initial research of the mechanism is dealed with.

Few existing research studies have explored the relationship of road section level, local area level and vehicle level risks within the highway traffic safety system, which can be important to the formation of an effective risk event prediction. This paper proposes a framework of multi-level risks described by a set of carefully selected or designed indicators. The interrelationship among these latent multi-level risks and their observable indicators are explored based on vehicle trajectory data using the structural equation model (SEM). The results show that there exists significant positive correlation between the latent risk constructs that each have adequate convergent validity, and it is difficult to completely separate the local traffic level risk from both the road section level risk and vehicle level risk. The local and road level indicators are also found to be of more importance when risk prediction time gets earlier based on feature importance scoring of the LightGBM. The proposed conceptual multi-level indicator based latent risk framework generally fits with the observed results and emphasises the importance of including multi-level indicators for risk event prediction in the future.