The introduction of plants is not a new phenomenon and is

Martinique was recognised as a pioneer in the insular Caribbean for coffee cultivation in the early 18th century. The island is known for its legendary "Martinique" coffee dating from that time but it no longer has coffeegrowing industries. As part of a project to revive this cultivation, a geographic information system (GIS) was developed in order to carry out a pedoclimatic zoning and to find environments favourable to species of the Coffea genus. A first zoning resulted in an inability to produce quality Arabica coffee for the future, with rainfall representing a major limiting factor. Because the island contains the three most cultivated species of coffee in the world, a second zoning was carried out and resulted in real but limited opportunities for Coffea canephora. A third zoning has now been carried out for the last exogenous species of the Coffea genus: Coffea liberica. The edaphoclimatic requirements of C. liberica have also been defined using the world's scientific literature. Numerical data (isohyets, isotherms, geomorphology) also come from Martinican institutions with expertise in the production of environmental data (IRD, IGN, Météo-France, DEAL, CTM) 1 . This data was processed using the GIS software: QGIS version 2.18.14. The pedoclimatic zoning of Coffea liberica reveals more possibilities for cultivation and it appears to be more suited to the environmental conditions of the island than Arabica and Canephora. Based on the forecasts of the National Meteorological Services for the 2071-2100 time horizon, we carried out an agro-climatic zoning showing increased possibilities for the production of this coffee in future years.

Introduced species that become invasive alter the structural and functional organisation of the ecosystems of the host territories because of the absence of certain ecological locks. On a global scale, the consequences are very damaging for many key development-related sectors. Martinique, like all the islands of the Caribbean, is not immune to this phenomenon of biological invasion currently linked to greater globalisation. Among the potentially invasive introduced species and in the light of field observations, Funtumia elastica, native to tropical Africa, appears to have functional traits that could make it a species that is dangerous for local floristic diversity. Since no study exists in Martinique on the ecology of this taxon, we have set up a research protocol based on floristic surveys in various stations marked out by transects subdivided into quadrats. Using the data obtained, it has been possible to highlight the main features of the ecology of this species in terms of biodemography, ecological dominance, mesological affinities and of belonging to the different stages of vegetal succession.

Les échanges commerciaux à la surface du globe ont conduit à l’introduction des espèces végétales et animales dans de nouveaux territoires. En franchissant les barrières écosystémiques (environnementale, reproductive et de dispersion), certaines d’entre elles parviennent à devenir invasives. Spathodea campanulata, mieux connu sous le nom d’arbre tulipe est une espèce originaire d’Afrique introduite à des fins ornementales. C’est une espèce qui représente une grande menace écologique ; elle a envahi les forêts secondaires mésophiles des îles du Pacifique (les îles Cook, Fidji, Polynésie française, Guam, Hawaï, Nouvelle-Calédonie et Vanuatu) mais aussi Porto Rico, le Brésil et l’Australie. En Martinique, l’espèce semble avoir pris une ampleur considérable dans le milieu naturel. Autrefois plantée comme arbre d’ornement, l’espèce s’échappe aujourd’hui des jardins et parcs ornementaux et colonise peu à peu les formations végétales ouvertes. Une étude floristique sur le territoire martiniquais nous a permis de décrypter les principaux traits de vie de Spathodea campanulata.

Biological invasions are the second most significant cause of biodiversity loss. They lead to the introduction of exogenous plant species which today threaten autochthonous and/or endemic species. Indeed, many plant species have disappeared. Other highly endangered species are currently in danger of extinction. Human activities, the overexploitation of resources, climate change but also biological invasions have advanced these extinctions. These phenomena have led to the progressive deterioration of the environments and a decrease in the diversity of the landscapes (a considerable depletion of the plant ecosystem) thus contributing to a loss of biodiversity. Natural (cyclones, etc.) or anthropogenic (pollution, etc.) perturbations create openings in the ground cover allowing more competitive species to install themselves. Introduced plant species install themselves in the open areas caused by these perturbations. They overcome a succession of barriers (physical, geographic, environmental) before they can become invasive. When conditions are favourable to their installation, they develop there to the detriment of the native populations. Insular environments (islands) are more sensitive to the phenomena of biological invasions. In Martinique, forests have gradually degraded and are losing their ecosystem resilience. This favours the installation and development of invasive species. Dichrostachys cinerea is an introduced species which is native to Africa and which has become naturalised on the island of Martinique. It colonises extensively perturbed areas, fallow land, abandoned farm plots located in the south of the island. A floristic analysis of the forests of the communes of southern Martinique (Sainte Anne, Marin, Vauclin) was carried out in order to establish the ecological profile of this shrub.