Background and Objective. Schistosomiasis is highly prevalent in tropics and causes morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. is study is aimed to assess the current status of S. mansoni infections and associated risk factors among students in Gorgora town, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to November 2010 at Gorgora, Northwest Ethiopia. All students (579) present during the study period were enrolled. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and predisposing factors. Stool examination was performed using wet mount and KatoKatz techniques. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical soware. Result. Among 579 students enrolled, 291 (50.3%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Prevalence of S. mansoni was found to be 20.6% with mean intensity of infection (125 eggs per gram of feces). Lack of awareness and water contact habits such as frequent swimming in the open water source, agricultural activities on bare foot, and washing clothes were also associated with high risk of S. mansoni infection. Conclusion. Even though there seems to be a decline in the prevalence of S. mansoni infections in the study area, the problem still persists and affects students signi�cantly. erefore, therapeutic intervention and health education are needed. BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that leads to chronic infection. e disease is prevalent in 75 countries of the world [1]. Globally 500-600 million people are at risk of infection and 200 million peoples are infected with schistosomiasis; 85% of the cases are found in 41 countries of Africa [2]. In Ethiopia and Eritrea the population living under the risk of infection with Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) was estimated to be 19 million [3].Human infection is initiated during water exposure (planting, �shing, washing, and swimming) that contains the free-living infective stage of the parasite, cercaria. Different strategies have been used to prevent this debilitating disease. e primary health care approach has been used by a number of countries in Africa and other endemic regions of the world. It was based on the fact that development of irrigation schemes, dam construction for hydroelectric power, water conservation for different purposes, human behaviours such as swimming habits and improper waste disposal, poverty like use of river water for different purposes, and wide distribution of intermediate host were identi�ed as the ma�or contributing factors for the increased prevalence and wide distribution of schistosomiasis [4].Patients infected with S. mansoni develop granuloma around the egg and the Schistosoma antigens in the intestine and liver. e granuloma is followed by �brosis, and chronic in�ammation in the liver, leading to portal hypertension, causing liver disease, ascites, and oesophagogastric haemorrhage [5]. Renal failures due to antigen antibody complex and exposure to secondary bacterial or viral infection were...

Mother to child HIV transmission accounts for over 95 percent of childhood infections. However, many HIV Positive women still become pregnant. Achieving the goal "HIV free generation" would only be a dream, unless a strong emphasis is given to prevention of pregnancy among HIV positive women. Therefore, we aimed to assess family planning utilization and associated factors among HIV positive women enrolled at ART program in Bahir-dar town health facilities. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 420 sexually active HIV positive women using systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze utilization of contraceptives and the factors associated with it. About 80% of the study participants are using at least one type of contraceptive method at the time of study. Injection (54.7%) and condom (18.6%) are the most commonly used contraceptive methods. HIV positive women with Primary [AOR: 3.06, 95% C.I: 1.42, 6.59] and secondary [AOR: 2.35, 95% C.I: 1.08, 5.57] educational were more likely to use contraceptive. Participants who decide about contraceptive use by themselves were less likely to use contraceptive than who decides jointly with their partner [AOR: 0.29, 95% C.I: 0.14, 0.63]. Women counseled about FP by ART provider [AOR: 2.63, 95% C.I: 1.46, 4.73] and participants who have no fertility desire [AOR: 3.11, 95% C.I: 1.46, 6.64] were more likely to use contraceptive. Those who have undecided opinion about the safety of contraceptive methods [AOR: 0.23, 95% C.I: 0.10, 0.53] and women partners who have no fertility desire are less likely [AOR: 0.39, 95% C.I: 0.17, 0.91] to use contraceptive. The uptake of contraceptive use among HIV positive women is high. However, the use of most long acting contraceptive methods is still very low. Moreover, significant proportions of women H. G. Kebede et al.

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