Background Depression is recognized as a prominent health problem and a growing public health concern in HIV-positive youths. Despite this fact, in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of evidence on the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among HIV-positive youths. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 16 to June 01, 2020, among 331 HIV-positive youths attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Jimma town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll study participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with depression. Variables with a p-value ≤0.25 on the bivariable analysis were candidates for multivariable analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with the respective 95% CI were calculated and p-value <0.05 were used to set statistically significant variables in the multivariable analysis. Results Out of a total of 331 sampled HIV positive youth, 325 have participated in this study with a response rate of 98.2%. The prevalence of depression was 30.2% (95%CI:25.2%-35.1%). Female sex (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI:2.28–7.47), history of hospital admission (AOR = 2.45, 95%CI:1.28–4.70), discontinued education due to HIV/AIDS illness (AOR = 2.09, 95%CI:1.12–3.90), poor treatment adherence (AOR = 2.23, 95%CI:1.04–4.78), opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI:1.17–3.97), high baseline viral load (AOR = 3.35, 95%CI:1.82–6.16) and ≤6 months duration of HIV diagnosis (AOR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.47–5.72) were factors significantly associated with depression. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high prevalence of depression among HIV-positive youths. Factors such as female sex, treatment non-adherence, opportunistic infections, <six months since diagnosed with HIV, hospitalization history, high baseline viral load, and school discontinuation due to HIV/AIDS were significantly associated with depression. Therefore, we recommend regular screening for depression co-morbidity among HIV-positive youths and linkage with mental health service providers.

Background Measles is a highly contagious viral illness and globally, 142,300 people died from measles in 2018. On 25 March 2021, an outbreak of measles was reported from Guradamole district Bale Zone Southeast Ethiopia. Hence, we investigated to determine existence of the outbreak and to identify the associated factors. Method Descriptive and 1:2 unmatched case–control study was done in Guradamole district from March 25 to April 9/2021. For the descriptive study, a total of 98 cases were used. To identify the factor associated with the outbreak, 60 cases were selected by computer-generated simple random method by using line list as a sampling frame and 120 controls were studied. Active cases were identified through home-to-home searching in affected kebeles and controls were selected from neighbors of cases. Five serum samples were taken and an IgM test was done to confirm cases. Cases were any person who developed fever, maculopapular rash and cough, coryza or conjunctivitis while controls were without such diagnosis. We collected data by using a structured questionnaire, cases were described by time, place, and person; logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with measles. In the multivariable analysis P -value <0.05 was declared statistical significance. Results Overall, 98 cases were identified with an overall attack rate of 12/1000 population and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7%. The highest attack rate (38/1000 population) and CFR (57%) were among children aged <59 months. Vaccination efficacy was calculated to be 82.6%. Being unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio/AOR=5.66, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.24–25.81), contact with patient (AOR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.03–10.17), moderate malnutrition (AOR=4.34, 95%CI: 2.14–8.814), distance from health facility (AOR=4.58, 95%CI: 1.39–15.19) and history of travel to affected area (AOR=3.99, 95%CI: 1.31–12.19) were shown significant associated with measles infection. Conclusion The attack and fatality rate of the investigation were high. Being unvaccinated, distant from the health facility, malnutrition, and history of contact with measles case were associated with the outbreak. We recommend conducting vaccination campaigns, interventions to malnutrition, and strengthening routine immunization programs to reduce future measles outbreaks.

Background Perinatal asphyxia is the second leading cause of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Preterm birth complications, perinatal asphyxia, and infection account for greater than 80% of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. There is limited study in Ethiopia on the survival status of asphyxiated neonates; therefore, this study aimed to assess time to death and its predictors among asphyxiated neonates admitted to Jimma University Medical center. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all eligible 373 asphyxiated neonates admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April 12/2019 to May 5 /2022. Data were extracted from May 18 to June 3/2022, entered into Epidata 3.1, and analyzed by R 4.2.1. Bivariable Cox regression was used to select candidate variables for Multivariate cox regression. Multivariate cox regression was fitted to identify predictors of time to death of the neonates at 0.05 level of Significance and corresponding confidence interval of the adjusted Hazard ratio. Results in this study, 84(22.52%( 95CI:18.38–27.10))) neonates died during 2888 person days, yielding an incidence rate of 29.09 (95%CI: 23.20-36.01) per 1000 person-days. The median survival time was 20 days (95%CI: 18–23)). Stage III Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (AHR: 3.46(95%CI: 1.55–7.70)), acute kidney injury (AHR: 2.82 (95%CI: 1.28–6.23)), and stress ulcers (AHR: 2.24 (95%CI: 1.26–3.97)) were independent predictors of time to death. Conclusions The incidence of neonatal mortality was high; therefore, early identification of the stage of Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, stress ulcers, and close follow-up is suggested.