Abstract. Fatmawati Y, Setiawan AB, Purwantoro A, Respatie DW, Teo CH. 2021. Analysis of genetic variability in F2 interspecific hybrids of mung bean (Vigna radiata) using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism marker system. Biodiversitas 22: 4880-4889. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) categorized as one of the pivotal annual crops of Vigna genera is commonly cultivated in rotation with the cereal crops during the drought season. Conversely, to ameliorate its stunted productivity, the interspecific hybridization technique has been introduced between the mung bean and the common bean to promote genetic improvement with the breeding projects in Indonesia. However, since mung bean is a self-pollinated crop and has a narrow genetic base, the selection and improvement of a specific trait using marker-assisted selection is more challenging. Hence, a precautionary investigation is imperative to evaluate the progenies resulting from interspecific hybridization using an ideal marker. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability of the F2 population of the interspecific mung bean hybrids using retrotransposon-based markers, particularly Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) markers. In this study, we identified retrotransposon from the mung bean genome and determined the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) sequence using the LTR Finder. The IRAP primers were designed from a conserved region of the LTR sequence. One hundred of the F2 interspecific hybrids generated from the crossing between mung bean and common bean were successfully discriminated by IRAP markers. The IRAP marker showed high heterozygosity and moderate Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values. The IRAP markers were able to detect genetic variability in the F2 progenies resulting from the interspecific hybridization. Cluster analysis showed that 100 of the F2 progenies were grouped into three clusters. This study demonstrated that retrotransposon-based markers can offer an effective approach for evaluating the segregation in the F2 population of intercross hybrids in the mung bean.

Maize germplasm has various types. Hybrid corn, sweet corn, and popcorn are used mainly to be cultivated and for human consumption as well. Each type of maize has different traits. The diversity in some groups of maize can be determined based on morphological and molecular characterization. The aim of this research was to determine the similarity distance of four groups of maize based on morphological characters; to calculate the value of diversity between and within populations of those maize; to calculate the coefficients of similarity in four groups of maize by RAPD, and to determine their differences of anthocyanin and starch genes in fourth group of maize. The fourth groups of maize used were hybridcorn (Indurata group), sweet corn (Saccharatagroup), strawberry popcorn and yellow popcorn (Everta group). To characterize the 13 quantitative morphology traits and genotypes used 8 RAPD primers i.e. OPA3, OPA5, OPA9, OPC8, OPC10, OPC3, OPC5, OPC8, as well as using anthocyanin genes namely Chs, Chi, Pr1 and starch gene (Sh1). The results showed that based on morphological characters, strawberry popcorn and yellow popcorn population had close similarity. The results of RAPD showed that diversity values in the within and among population are 47% and 53%, respectively based on RAPD the value of coefficient similaritywas 0,34 to 0,98. Furthermore, there were no differences of anthocyanin and starch genes among the fourth groups of maize.

Abstract. Nurmansyah, Setyadi AH, Fatumi NC, Fatmawati Y, Wulandari RA, Purwantoro A. 2021. Genetic variation of doubled haploids derived from anther culture of M1 red rice plants. Biodiversitas 22: 4923-4929. The doubled haploid (DH) technology when integrated with induced mutation could accelerate development of local rice cultivars with several desirable traits. Anthers from the first generation of mutant (M1) plants were utilized for DH production. However, the effectiveness of inducing and fixing mutation requires detailed evaluation with the help of molecular techniques for its accuracy and reliability than that of morphological or biochemical assessments. The objective of this research was to develop and detect genetic variation of DH plants derived from anther culture of M1 plants. Seeds of local red rice cultivar, Cempo Abang, were treated with four gamma-ray doses (0, 100, 200, 300 Gy) and planted to produce the M1 plants. Panicles at the booting stage of the M1 plants were collected and used as donor anthers. The present study suggested that gamma irradiation treatments indirectly could increase callus formation. However, it also reduced the number of callus producing plantlets due to higher frequency of brown calli. Eleven spontaneous DH plants obtained in the study along with parental plants were assessed to determine the occurrence of genetic variation using six RAPD primers. The RAPD primers generated 51 bands, of which 34 alleles or 66.7% were polymorphic with an average of 5.6 polymorphic alleles per primer. The genetic similarity among parent and 11 DH lines based on Jaccard’s similarity index ranged from 0.622 to 0.902. The DNA polymorphism among the DH plants demonstrated the effect of gamma irradiation to create genetic variation. Therefore, this method could be used as an alternative for rice breeding programs especially to develop preferred traits in the local rice cultivars.

Abstract. Kurnia TD, Purwantoro A, Sulandari S, Basunanda P, Setiawan AB, Fatmawati Y, Andika IP. 2022. Molecular and morpho-physiological identification of yellow leaf curl disease of cucumber in Salatiga, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1466-1474. Plant viruses are a limiting factor in Indonesian cucumber production. However, because numerous viruses generate identical symptoms on infected plants across cucumber cultivars, identify the virus discovered in the field. The management of virus diseases on plants is dependent on accurately identifying symptoms associated with certain viruses among cucumber cultivars and evaluating possible insect vectors. Because there have been several reports of infected viruses on cucumbers, generating resistant cultivars, identifying phenotypic and physiological disorders, and probable insect vectors are all important aspects of plant disease management. This study aimed to determine the virus and putative insect vectors of yellow leaf curl disease and its symptoms, including morphology and physiology disorders in cucumber cultivars. Common symptoms found included curling, yellow spots, malformed shapes, mortality from severely infested leaves, yellowing, and malformed cucumbers, with occurrences varying among cucumber cultivars. Curling and yellow spots were found on >70% samples of all tested cultivars. Virus infection affected agronomic features and fruit characteristics differently depending on cucumber cultivars. Molecular detection confirmed that polerovirus infected plants and insects tested also carried the Polerovirus. This study provides initial information on monitoring various infection stages of yellow curling disease and potential insect vectors of this disease that will later be useful to synthesize effective management practice in the future.