Data scaling has an important role in preprocessing data that has an impact on the performance of machine learning algorithms. This study aims to analyze the effect of min-max normalization techniques and standardization (zero-mean normalization) on the performance of machine learning algorithms. The stages carried out in this study included data normalization on the data of leaf venation features. The results of the normalized dataset, then tested to four machine learning algorithms include KNN, Naïve Bayesian, ANN, SVM with RBF kernels and linear kernels. The analysis was carried out on the results of model evaluations using 10-fold cross-validation, and validation using test data. The results obtained show that Naïve Bayesian has the most stable performance against the use of min-max normalization techniques as well as standardization. The KNN algorithm is quite stable compared to SVM and ANN. However, the combination of the min-max normalization technique with SVM that uses the RBF kernel can provide the best performance results. On the other hand, SVM with a linear kernel, the best performance is obtained when applying standardization techniques (zero-mean normalization). While the ANN algorithm, it is necessary to do a number of trials to find out the best data normalization techniques that match the algorithm.

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The density level in the leaf venation type has different characteristics. These different characteristics explain the environment in which plants grow, such as habitat, vegetation, physiology and climate. This research aims to measure of leaf venation density, leaf venation feature analysis and then identifying plants based on venation type. Stages of this research include leaf image data collection, segmentation, vein detection, feature extraction, feature selection, classification, evaluation and ending with analysis. The results of this study indicate that the level of leaf venation density is quite good is the type of venation paralellodromous, acrodromous and pinnate. Based on the selection of features using Boruta Algorithm, obtained 19 most important features that represent the type of leaf venation. This is reinforced by the average of accuracy produced at the time of classification using SVM, which amounted to 77.57%.

This research proposes MedLeaf as a new mobile application for medicinal plants identification based on leaf image. The application runs on the Android operating system. MedLeaf has two main functionalities, i.e. medicinal plants identification and document searching of medicinal plant. We used Local Binary Pattern to extract leaf texture and Probabilistic Neural Network to classify the image. In this research, we used30 species of Indonesian medicinal plants and each species consists of 48 digital leaf images. To evaluate user satisfaction of the application we used questionnaire based on heuristic evaluation. The evaluation result shows that MedLeaf is promising for medicinal plants identification. MedLeaf will help botanical garden or natural reserve park management to identify medicinal plant, discover new plant species, plant taxonomy and so on. Also, it will help individual, groups and communities to find unused and undeveloped their skill to optimize the potential of medicinal plants. As the results, MedLeaf will increase of their resources, capitals, and economic wealth.

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