Objective: to determine the association between knowledge about chronic venous insufficiency and clinic severity in women attending a family medicine unit. Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study in 280 women with chronic venous insufficiency. The instrument Chronic Venous Insufficiency Knowledge, which evaluates theoretical knowledge about the disease, was applied. The clinical severity of the disease was determined by means of the Venous Clinical Severity Score instrument, which independently measures clinical manifestations of the disease. Spearman’s rho coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the degree of knowledge and clinical severity. Results: the overall assessment of knowledge of chronic venous insufficiency placed most of the participants at a low level (68%). A strong negative correlation was found between knowledge-presence of pain (Spearman’s rho coefficient of -0.611, p=0.000) and knowledge-presence of venous edema (Spearman’s rho coefficient of -0.648, p=0.000). When analyzing the correlation between knowledge and the presence of varicose veins, a moderate correlation was reported (Spearman’s rho coefficient -0.450, p=0.000), as well as with skin pigmentation (Spearman’s rho coefficient -0.464, p=0.000). The rest of the clinical severity topics reported a low correlation. Conclusions: low knowledge of chronic venous insufficiency is a risk factor for the severity of the disease. Therefore, it is vital to consider the implementation of educational strategies aimed at patients to improve knowledge and thus prevent disease progression.
Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el conocimiento sobre insuficiencia venosa crónica y la severidad clínica en mujeres adscritas a una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal y analítico en 280 mujeres con insuficiencia venosa crónica. Se aplicó el instrumento Conocimiento de la Insuficiencia Venosa Crónica, que evalúa el conocimiento teórico sobre la enfermedad. Se determinó la severidad clínica de la enfermedad a través del instrumento Venous Clinical Severity Score que mide de manera independiente manifestaciones clínicas de la insuficiencia venosa crónica. Para valorar la correlación entre el grado de conocimiento y la severidad clínica se utilizó el coeficiente rho de Spearman. Resultados: la evaluación global del conocimiento sobre insuficiencia venosa crónica ubicó a la mayoría de las participantes en el nivel bajo (68%). Se encontró una correlación negativa fuerte entre conocimiento-presencia de dolor (coeficiente rho Spearman de -0.611, p= 0.000) y conocimiento-presencia de edema venoso (coeficiente rho de Spearman de -0.648, p=0.000). Al analizar la correlación entre conocimiento y la presencia de várices, se reportó correlación moderada (coeficiente rho Spearman -0.450, p=0.000), al igual que con pigmentación cutánea (coeficiente rho de Spearman de -0.464, p=0.000). El resto de los tópicos de severidad clínica reportaron una baja correlación. Conclusiones: el bajo conocimiento sobre insuficiencia venosa crónica es un factor de riesgo para la gravedad de la enfermedad. Por ello, es vital que se considere la implementación de estrategias educativas dirigidas a pacientes que mejoren el conocimiento y por lo tanto, eviten la progresión de la enfermedad.
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