The combined use of crushed cartilage and TPFL appears to be a useful technique for dorsal augmentation and contouring. This technique provides favorable and predictable outcomes in rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope, 2009.

Previously, we showed that exposure of human normal and cancer cells to a 6 mT, 60 Hz gradient electromagnetic field (EMF) induced genotoxicity. Here, we investigated the cellular effects of a uniform EMF. Single or repetitive exposure to a 6 mT, 60 Hz uniform EMF neither induced DNA damage nor affected cell viability in HeLa and primary IMR-90 fibroblasts. However, continuous exposure of these cells to an EMF promoted cell proliferation. Cell viability increased 24.4% for HeLa and 15.2% for IMR-90 cells after a total 168 h exposure by subculture. This increase in cell proliferation was directly correlated with EMF strength and exposure time. When further incubated without EMF, cell proliferation slowed down to that of unexposed cells, suggesting that the proliferative effect is reversible. The expression of cell cycle markers increased in cells continuously exposed to an EMF as expected, but the distribution of cells in each stage of the cell cycle did not change. Notably, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels decreased and phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 increased in cells exposed to an EMF, suggesting that reduced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species play a role in increased proliferation. These results demonstrate that EMF uniformity at an extremely low frequency (ELF) is an important factor in the cellular effects of ELF-EMF.

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Objective: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor MET are expressed in the salivary glands during developmental stages and tumor formation; however, the function of HGF in injured salivary gland tissues remains unclear. The present study investigated the role of HGF in protecting the salivary glands against radiation-induced injury using an organotypic culture method. Materials and methods: Acinar-like organoids were formed by means of a three-dimensional (3D) human parotid tissue-derived spheroids (hPTS) culture method. Radioprotective effects of HGF on irradiated hPTS and signaling pathways on radioprotection were investigated. Results: We detected MET expression in hPTS grown in a 3D culture. Treatment of irradiated hPTS with recombinant human HGF (rhHGF) restored salivary marker expression and secretory function of hPTS. Changes in the phosphorylation levels of apoptosis-related proteins through HGF-MET axis inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis. Treatment with PHA665752, a MET inhibitor, blocked MET-PI3K-AKT pathway, increased apoptosis, and suppressed the radioprotective effect of rhHGF against IR-induced damage of hPTS. Conclusions: These results suggest that HGF is a key effector of radioprotection and that HGF-MET-PI3K-AKT axis is involved in protecting the salivary glands from radiation-induced apoptosis.

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