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Purpose:We investigated the clinical difference between single infection and coinfection with respiratory virus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections. Methods: We reviewed 727 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute respiratory infection at the Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital between January and December of 2014. Diagnoses were made using the multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay targeting 16 viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs. Subjects were classified as the single virus infection and coinfection groups. Results: A total of 439 patients were enrolled; 359 (77.2%) under 24 months. Single virus was detected in 279 (63.6%). Coinfection with multiple virus was detected in 160 (36.4%): 126 (28.7%) with 2 viruses, 30 (6.8%), and 4 (0.9%) with 3 to 4 viruses. Viral coinfection was detected in 28 samples (17.5%), with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and rhinovirus being the most dominating combination. There were no clinical differences between the single infection and coinfection groups, except sputum and the frequency of high RSV load. Sputum was significantly more frequent in the coinfection group (P= 0.043), and the frequency of high RSV load was significantly higher in the single infection group (P = 0.029). Disease severity (high fever, the duration of fever [ ≥ 5 days], and the length of hospital stay [≥ 5 days], O2 therapy) did not differ significantly between both groups. RSV was a frequent virus of single infection during winter. Coinfection was most common in winter.

Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in adolescents and identify risk factors for the recurrence of PSP. Methods: A total of 292 patients diagnosed with PSP from January 1998 to December 2011 were retrospectively studied. Clinical data on demographics, diagnostic imaging, therapies, and risk factors of recurrence were collected and analyzed. Results: The sex ratio of 292 patients was 19.8:1 (male:female), and the average age of the patients was 17.0 years. The average body mass index of the patients was 18.8 kg/m 2 . The most common presenting symptom was chest pain. There was no seasonal variation in the incidence of PSP. Thirty patients (10.2%) had a history of smoking. The most common location of PSP was the left side. Out of 249 patients, 169 (67.9%) had cysts (blebs/bullae). Fifty-four patients (18.5%) received oxygen therapy, 3 patients (1%) needle aspiration, 119 patients (40.8%) closed tube drainage, and 116 patients (39.7%) surgery. The recurrence rate was 38.6%. Smoking was associated with the size of pneumothorax (P = 0.002). Also, the size of pneumothorax and surgery was associated with recurrence (P= 0.040 and P= 0.004). However, previously reported risk factors for recurrence were not identified in our patients. Conclusion: Pediatric PSP occurred mainly in males in late adolescence with normal body mass index. No significant risk factors were related to recurrence of PSP in our study. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2014;2:251-258) 서 론 자연 기흉은 공기가 흉막강으로 축적되면서 폐허탈을 일으키는 데, 원인에 따라 원발성과 이차성으로 분류된다. 이차성 기흉은 폐 렴, 선천성 폐질환, 만성 폐기도질환, 간질성 폐렴, 결체성 질환 등의 원인 질환을 선행하고, 건강한 사람에게 기저질환 없이 발병하는 경우를 원발성으로 분류한다. 원발성 자연 기흉은 폐첨부의 bleb/bulla와 같은 폐낭포의 파열 이 기흉의 발병과 재발의 병인으로 설명되고 있지만, 아직까지 확실 하지 않다. 소아에서 자연 기흉은 신생아기와 청소년기에 주로 나타나는 이 정점(bi-modal) 형태를 보인다. 1) 신생아기를 제외하면, 원발성 자연 기흉은 주로 남자에서 늦은 청소년시기에 발병하며, 키가 큰 여윈 체형에서 보고되었다. 2) 자연 기흉의 특징으로 30%-60%의 높은 재발률을 보고하고 있 다. 3,4) 특히, 성인에 비해 원발성 자연 기흉의 재발률이 소아에서 높 은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 5) 이러한 기흉 재발 방지를 위한 치료적인 부분에서는, 흉강경을 이용한 폐기포 절제술과 부가적인 흉막유착술의 시행으로 재발률 을 감소시켰다. 6) Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2(4):251-258, September 2014 http://dx.