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The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Aleochara ( Aleochara ) curtula (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is reported. This mitogenome (GenBank accession no. OL675411) is 16,600 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA). Most PCGs use typical mitochondrial stop codon (TAR) except for cox3 , which uses a single T residue. The A, G, T, and C nucleotide base composition of the mitogenome is 40.61%, 7.66%, 40.34%, and 11.39%, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyly of Aleocharinae.

Background The family Staphylinidae is the most speciose beetle group in the world. The outbreaks of two staphylinid species, Paederus fuscipes and Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula, were recently reported in South Korea. None of research about molecular markers and genetic diversity have been conducted in these two species. Objective To develop microsatellite markers and analyze the genetic diversity and population structures of two rove beetle species. Methods NGS was used to sequence whole genomes of two species, Paederus fuscipes and Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula. Microsatellite loci were selected with flanking primer sequences. Specimens of P. fuscipes and A. curtula were collected from three localities, respectively. Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using the newly developed microsatellite markers. Results The number of alleles ranged 5.727–6.636 (average 6.242) and 2.182–5.364 (average 4.091), expected heterozygosity ranged 0.560–0.582 (average 0.570) and 0.368–0.564 (average 0.498), observed heterozygosity ranged 0.458–0.497 (average 0.472) and 0.418–0.644 (average 0.537) in P. fuscipes and A. curtula, respectively. Population structure indicates that individuals of A. curtula are clustered to groups where they were collected, but those of P. fuscipes are not. Conclusion Population structures of P. fuscipes were shallow. In A. curtula, however, it was apparent that the genetic compositions of the populations are different significantly depending on collection localities.