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To establish the standard of ripe kiwifruit sorting, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was performed on kiwifruit sampled from three farms. Destructive measurements of flesh firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and acidity were performed and compared to measurement using NIR reflectance spectrums from 408 to 2,492 nm. NIR predictions of those quality factors were calculated using the modified partial least square regression method. Flesh firmness was predicted with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 3.32 N and with a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.88. SSC was predicted with SEP of 0.49 o Brix and with R 2 of 0.98. Acidity was predicted with SEP of 0.28% and with R 2 of 0.91. Kiwifruit ripened at 20 o C for 15 days showed uneven qualities with normal distribution. Considering the SEP of each parameter, kiwifruit after ripening treatment could be non-destructively predicted their qualities and sorted by flesh firmness or soluble solids content through NIR prediction.

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The growth and quality of lettuce were evaluated in a plant factory system with three types of artificial lights including fluorescent lamp (FL), light-emitting diode (LED) and external electrode fluorescent lamp (EEFL). Air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and wind velocity in the plant factory system were maintained at about 25℃, 60%, 400 ppm, and 0.5 m•s-1 , respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of FL, LED, EEFL 7000K, EEFL 9000K and EEFL 12000K were 200, 300, 215, 265, and 235 µmol․m-2 ․s-1 , respectively, with all same 24 hour photoperiod per day. Among lettcue cultivar 'Manchudae' plants grown for three weeks under different artificial lights, plants under LED showed the highest fresh weight, followed