Algibacter aquimarinus sp. nov., isolated from a marine environment, and reclassification of Pontirhabdus pectinivorans as Algibacter pectinivorans comb. nov. T , was isolated from seawater collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. The isolate required sea salts for growth. Gliding motility was observed. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Major cellular fatty acids (.10 % of the total) were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 15 : 1 G, C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH and C 18 : 0 . The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 38.6±0.7 mol% (mean±SD of three determinations). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KYW589T belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae, and was related to the genus Algibacter. Based on data from a study using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, it is proposed that strain KYW589 T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Algibacter, for which the name Algibacter aquimarinus sp. nov. is proposed. (2011) and encompasses only one species with a validly published name, Pontirhabdus pectinivorans, which is nonagarolytic. During a study of the microbial diversity of the seawater of Gwangyang Bay, an orange-pigmented flavobacterial strain, designated KYW589 T , was isolated and was studied according to the minimal standards for the description of new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae (Bernardet, 2010;Bernardet et al., 2002). Further, the intermediate phylogenetic position of the new isolate between members of the genera Algibacter and Pontirhabdus and the chemotaxonomic similarity of the two genera necessitated a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of the genera Algibacter and Pontirhabdus. Strain KYW589T was isolated from a seawater sample obtained at 34 u 539 N 127 u 469 E by using a standard dilution-plating method on marine agar 2216 (MA; Becton Dickinson). The isolate was routinely cultured on MA and maintained as glycerol suspensions (20 %, w/v) at 280 u C. P. pectinivorans KACC 14153 T , A. lectus KCTC 12103 T and A. mikhailovii KCTC 12710T were selected as reference strains and evaluated together under experimental conditions identical to those used for strain KYW589T .Bacterial DNA preparation and PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were carried out as described previously (Chun & Goodfellow, 1995). Identification of phylogenetic neighbours and calculation of pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were 3Present address:

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain KYW566T, was isolated from seawater of the Suncheon Bay, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. The cells contained MK-6 as the only respiratory quinone and contained iso-C15 : 0 (13.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (13.1 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (9.3 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (8.7 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (6.3 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (6.0 %) as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain KYW566T was 41.6±0.8 mol% (mean±sd of three determinations). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW566T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Lutibacter with Lutibacter flavus IMCC1507T as its nearest neighbour (96.7 % sequence similarity). A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain KYW566T from described members of the genus Lutibacter . On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, strain KYW566T represents a novel species, for which the name Lutibacter agarilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW566T ( = KCTC 23842T = JCM 18281T).

Two yellow-pigmented, Gram-reaction-negative strains, designated 01SU5-P T and 03SU3-P T , were isolated from the freshwater of Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea. Both strains were aerobic, non-motile and catalase-negative. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two isolates belong to the genus Sphingopyxis, showing the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Sphingopyxis witflariensis W-50 T (95.4-95.7 %). The two novel isolates shared 99.4 % sequence similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and the type strain of S. witflariensis clearly suggested that strains 01SU5-P T and 03SU3-P T represent two separate novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis. The two strains displayed different fingerprints after PCR analysis using the repetitive primers BOX, ERIC and REP. Several phenotypic characteristics served to differentiate these two isolates from recognized members of the genus Sphingopyxis. The data from the polyphasic study presented here indicated that strains 01SU5-P T and 03SU3-P T should be classified as representing novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the names Sphingopyxis rigui sp. nov. and Sphingopyxis wooponensis sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strain of Sphingopyxis rigui sp. nov. is 01SU5-P T (5KCTC 23326 T 5JCM 17509 T ) and the type strain of Sphingopyxis wooponensis sp. nov. is

An orange, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and gliding bacterial strain devoid of flagella, designated strain KYW614(T), was isolated from seawater collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. Zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid pigment produced and flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KYW614(T) belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae and it was most closely related to Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens TD-ZX30(T) (96.5%, sequence similarity). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain KYW614(T) were iso-C(15 : 1) G (10.5%), summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c; 10.0%), iso-C(15 : 0) (9.5%), C(15 : 0) (7.5%) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (7.4%). MK-6 was the only isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 32.6 mol%. Data from a polyphasic taxonomic study suggested that the isolate represents a novel species in the genus Mesoflavibacter, for which the name Mesoflavibacter aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW614(T) ( = KCTC 32269(T) = JCM 19524(T)).

Two yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-reaction-negative and aerobic bacterial strains, designated KYW560T and KYW563T, were isolated from seawater collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. The isolates required sea salts for growth. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The common major cellular fatty acids (>5 % of total) of the two strains were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Strain KYW560T also contained iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C20 : 1ω9c as major fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C contents of strains KYW560T and KYW563T were 41.0±0.7 and 38.3±0.4 mol% (mean±sd of three determinations), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae , and were related to the genus Algibacter . Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, it is proposed that the isolates represent novel species of the genus Algibacter , for which the names Algibacter agarivorans sp. nov. (type strain, KYW560T = KCTC 23855T = JCM 18285T) and Algibacter agarilyticus sp. nov. (type strain, KYW563T = KCTC 23857T = JCM 18275T) are proposed. Reclassification of Marinivirga aestuarii as Algibacter aestuarii comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Algibacter are also proposed.