Objectives Uninsured patients represent an understudied population. The current study aimed to estimate the burden of 10 common chronic conditions and to investigate the associated factors among patients who use free clinics for their health care needs. Methods Patient charts from four free clinics were reviewed from January to December of 2015. Proportion of prevalence, adjusted odds ratios (AOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between participant characteristics and chronic conditions are reported. Results Prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia significantly differed by clinic, age, gender, race, and marital status. Compared to age 15–44 years, older patients (45–64 years, and ≥65) were 5–10 times more likely to suffer from hypertension. Compared to women, men; compared to White, African-Americans; and compared to single, married patients had higher prevalences of hypertension. Older patients were 5–8 times more likely to suffer from hyperlipidemia. Asians, and married patients were also more likely to experience hyperlipidemia. Prevalence of diabetes, depression and arthritis significantly differed by age and race. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased 6–13 folds among older patients. Discussion Patients of free clinics suffer from high burden of chronic conditions. Patients who frequent free clinics are primarily older, unemployed, women, minorities, and are of low income.

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Public health prevention programs should focus on uninsured patients of free clinics who are mainly low-income, sicker, and unemployed, and often women and Hispanics.