Study characteristics We included three studies, published between 1996 and 2004 and conducted in the USA and the UK, including 270 eyes in analyses, comparing vitrectomy and observation after 6 or 12 months. The evidence is current as of March 2015. Key results Vitrectomy improved visual acuity in participants with macular hole by about 1.5 lines of a standard distance acuity chart. Macular hole closure was much more likely with vitrectomy compared to observation, with mean closure rates of 76% versus 11%, respectively. Cataract surgery was common in operated eyes. In the largest study, retinal detachment occurred in the months following vitrectomy in about 5% of cases. Quality of the evidence The evidence was of moderate quality, as the visual acuity measurement was unmasked. ⊕⊕ low 1,3-4 Vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole (Review)

PRPH2 mutation can be associated with negative electroretinograms. This novel finding is not mutation specific and does not relate to the severity of the disease. The data add to the documented phenotypical variability of PRPH2 mutations and represent a further cause of negative electroretinogram.

Background The changes of blood pressure in patients undergoing cataract procedure are not well studied. The blood pressures of cataract patients often become uncontrolled intraoperatively causing the procedure to be postponed. Intraoperative rise in blood pressure has been associated with ocular complications such as suprachoroidal haemorrhage and can be fatal from stroke or even myocardial infarction. We attempt to study the changes in blood pressure of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Aim Prospective study on the variation of blood pressure pre-and intra-operatively. Method The blood pressure readings of patients going for cataract procedures were measured in five stages during the pre-assessment clinic, on arrival at the day surgery, at the anaesthetic room, on the operating table intraoperatively; and postoperatively. The readings were compared to their age, sex, past medical history, and use of antihypertensive medication. Results The rise in systolic blood pressures between intraoperative readings and those at the preassessment and anaesthetic room was highly statistically significant. Being older (465 years of age), taking more than two antihypertensive drugs, being hypertensive, or having a family history of hypertension does not appear to increase the risk. Conclusion Our study showed that there is a significant rise in systolic blood pressures especially in females during topical phacoemulsification. Further studies are needed on the factors that determine this increase and the changes in blood pressures during different stages of the procedure.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the fifth most common malignancy, with an annual incidence in the UK of 8/100,000. Until recently this incidence had been rising over the past two decades. The WHO classification divides non-Hodgkin's lymphomas into B- or T-cell neoplasms, with 85% of general lymphomas and almost all orbital lymphomas consisting of B-cell tumours. A case of systemic follicular lymphoma, with later orbital involvement, is presented.