Amorphopallus paeoniifolius atau suweg merupakan salah satu jenis dari suku Araceae yang umbinya berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif pangan karena memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik dan indeks glikemik yang rendah. Namun, perbanyakan suweg terkendala dalam ketersediaan bibitnya sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif perbanyakan, salah satunya dengan teknik kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media, jenis eksplan dan kondisi kultur yang optimal untuk perbanyakan suweg secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama yaitu regenerasi tunas dari eksplan tangkai daun yang ditanam pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang ditambahkan dengan BAP (0, 1, 2, dan 4 mg/l) dan NAA (0 dan 0,5 mg/l). Percobaan kedua yaitu regenerasi tunas dari eksplan tangkai daun dan kalus pada kondisi gelap dan terang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS dengan penambahan 2 mg/l BAP dan 0,5 mg/l NAA merupakan media yang paling baik bagi eksplan tangkai daun dalam pembentukan kalus, tunas dan akar yang ditandai dengan jumlah masing-masing adalah 75%, 50% dan 56,67%. Selanjutnya, eksplan berupa kalus lebih mudah memberikan respon membentuk tunas dan akar dibandingkan dengan tangkai daun, baik pada kondisi ruang penyimpanan gelap maupun terang.
In vitro propagation of pitcher plants is still limited only using seeds, while the other in vitro methods using leaf explants such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, and callus culture has not been widely reported. The research aims to study the growth response of leaf explants in two species of pitcher plants (Nepenthes gracilis and Nepenthes reinwardtiana), which formed callus in several treatment media combinations. Leaf pieces were taken from a 4-month pitcher plant culture were grown on the treatment media, namely modified media of Murashige & Skoog with a half concentration (½ MS) added 2.4-Dichlorophenoxoxyacetate (2.4-D) with a concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg L-1 and kinetin (0.5 mg L-1). The treatment was then stored in a dark environment to induce callus formation. The observation for 12 weeks showed that the time of callus formation in two species of pitcher plant observed was not significantly different. Both species of pitcher plants begin to form callus in the fourth week after treatment. None of the leaf explants were planted on the control medium without hormones formed callus. The best medium for callus induction in N. gracilis is ½ MS medium added with 2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin, with callus morphology brownish-white with friable texture. In comparison, the optimum callus media from leaf explant of N. reinwardtiana has not been obtained yet. Thus further research is still needed.
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