This paper presents an analysis of fractions errors displayed by learners due to deficient mastery of prerequisite concepts. Fractions continue to pose a critical challenge for learners. Fractions can be a tricky concept for learners although they often use the concept of sharing in their daily lives. 30 purposefully sampled learners participated in this study. The research instrument consists of fractions test whose questions were selected from various Annual National Assessment examination papers containing in addition, subtraction multiplication and division of fractional operations. The different types of errors displayed by learners were then identified, coded and categorized. The analysis showed that the main sources for errors were lack of understanding of the basic concepts, learners' prior knowledge, misconceptions and misapplication of rules. This study recommends that teachers should help their learners to develop fractions conceptual understanding. Learners need to be explicitly taught that errors are opportunities for learning, and that they are springboard of inquiry.

The higher education institutions across the world have changed their teaching and learning methods due to the Covid19 pandemic. They are now using different learning management systems like Moodle. The implication of the sudden transition to online learning is that students now have to become more independent, and self-directed in their learning. The aim of this paper is therefore to develop a Moodle (Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) Self-Directed Learning Theory. It explores some of the learning aspects related to the development of students towards Moodle self-directed learning and proposes a framework of skills that lecturers and teachers can use as a guide to increasing student responsibility. This study is situated within the theory of Instrumental Genesis (IG). The researchers employed the design-based research method when developing this learning theory. The process of developing this learning framework involved a literature review of Moodle and self-directed learning theories. The study of the learning theories revealed various Moodle and self-directed perspectives which were used to develop this learning theory. The outcome of this study is a learning theory that will hopefully promote self-directed learning within the context of Moodle teaching and learning.

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