BackgroundStudies regarding coxsackievirus (CV) tend to focus on epidemic outbreaks, an imbalanced topology is considered to be an indication of acute infection with partial cross-immunity. In enteroviruses, a clear understanding of the characteristics of tree topology, transmission, and its demographic dynamics in viral succession and circulation are essential for identifying prevalence trends in endemic pathogens such as coxsackievirus B2 (CV-B2). This study applied a novel Bayesian evolutionary approach to elucidate the phylodynamic characteristics of CV-B2. A dataset containing 51 VP1 sequences and a dataset containing 34 partial 3Dpol sequencing were analyzed, where each dataset included Taiwan sequences isolated during 1988–2013.ResultsFour and five genotypes were determined based on the 846-nucleotide VP1 and 441-nucleotide 3Dpol (6641–7087) regions, respectively, with spatiotemporally structured topologies in both trees. Some strains with tree discordance indicated the occurrence of recombination in the region between the VP1 and 3Dpol genes. The similarities of VP1 and 3Dpol gene were 80.0 %–96.8 % and 74.7 %–91.9 %, respectively. Analyses of population dynamics using VP1 dataset indicated that the endemic CV-B2 has a small effective population size. The balance indices, high similarity, and low evolutionary rate in the VP1 region indicated mild herd immunity selection in the major capsid region.ConclusionsPhylodynamic analysis can reveal demographic trends and herd immunity in endemic pathogens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0738-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: Although planned cesarean delivery (PCD) is the mainstay of management for abnormal placentation, some patients still require emergency cesarean delivery (ECD). We aimed to systematically analyze the impact of various modes of delivery on neonatal outcomes. Methods: This study was complied with the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO (code: CRD42022379487). A systematic search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE and Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane databases. Data extracted included gestational age at delivery, birth weight, the Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, numbers of newborns with low Apgar score (<7) at 5 minutes, the rates of neonatal intensive care unit admission, and the rates of neonatal mortality. Results: Fifteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 2565 women (2567 neonates) who underwent PCD (n = 1483) or ECD (n = 1082) for prenatally diagnosed placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and/or placenta previa (PP). Compared with the ECD group, neonates in the PCD group had significantly higher gestational ages (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–3.15; P < .001), birth weights (SMD: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00–2.27; P < .001), and Apgar scores at 1 minute (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29–0.73; P < .001) and 5 minutes (SMD: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.25–0.70; P < .001). Additionally, the PCD group had significantly lower rates of neonatal intensive care unit admission (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14–0.29; P < .001), low Apgar score at 5 minutes (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11–0.69; P = .01), and neonatal mortality (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.05–0.33; P < .001). Conclusion: When pregnancies are complicated by abnormal placentation, PCD is linked to noticeably better neonatal outcomes than emergent delivery.

Identity-based encryption is a public key-based method of encryption that enables communicating identities to use some individual and unique information, such as their physical IP addresses and MAC addresses, to identify them and as public keys. The scheme does not require the extra device to store long-term public keys. So, it is convenient for use in practical applications, including smart industry and smart manufacturing. This study develops a novel, efficient, and secure identity-based encryption scheme using an extended Chebyshev chaotic map that does not require time-consuming modular exponential computations or scalar multiplications on elliptic curves. Cryptography that is based on chaotic maps has recently been demonstrated to outperform traditional cryptography. Besides demonstrating that the proposed scheme satisfies the security requirements of identity-based encryption, the simulation results of this study show that the proposed scheme requires less response time than related identity-based encryption schemes. Due to hardware limitations, not all industrial devices can load heavy computations. Therefore, the proposed identity-based encryption scheme outperforms related identity-based encryption approaches, and is suitable for industrial environment.

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