The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a significant genetic contributor to polygenic obesity. We investigated whether physical activity (PA) modulates the effect of FTO rs3751812 on body mass index (BMI) among Taiwanese adults. Analytic samples included 10,853 Taiwan biobank participants. Association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with BMI was assessed using linear regression models. Physical activity was defined as any kind of exercise lasting 30 min each session, at least three times a week. Participants with heterozygous (TG) and homozygous (TT) genotypes had higher BMI compared to those with wild-type (GG) genotypes. The β value was 0.381(p < 0.0001) for TG individuals and 0.684 (p = 0.0204) for TT individuals. There was a significant dose-response effect among carriers of different risk alleles (p trend <0.0001). Active individuals had lower BMI than their inactive counterparts (β = −0.389, p < 0.0001). Among the active individuals, significant associations were found only with the TG genotype (β = 0.360, p = 0.0032). Inactive individuals with TG and TT genotypes had increased levels of BMI compared to those with GG genotypes: Their β values were 0.381 (p = 0.0021) and 0.950 (p = 0.0188), respectively. There was an interaction between the three genotypes, physical inactivity, and BMI (p trend  = 0.0002). Our data indicated that increased BMI owing to genetic susceptibility by FTO rs3751812 may be reduced by physical activity.

The aim of this paper is to develop a 'technological system' for evaluating the effects of innovation policies. Limited resources, coupled with seemingly unlimited demand for development, means that policies must be made regarding the allocation of scarce resources. The significance of evaluating the effects of innovation policies is therefore increasing. A hierarchical fuzzy integral multi-criteria decision making (fuzzy integral MCDM) approach for evaluating the effects of innovation policies is proposed in this paper. To show the practicality and usefulness of this approach, a case involving the Taiwan Integrated Circuit (IC) design industry is demonstrated. The results show that the 'political' policy tool is the most effective. Environment side policies and scientific and technical development policies are vital to Taiwan's IC design industry. This demonstration also shows that the proposed model is valid.

In this paper, we will propose a Cooperative Power and Contention control MAC (CPC-MAC) protocol in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks to solve the multichannel hidden terminal Primary User (PU) problem by build appropriate number of monitor nodes in suitable positions. There are two functions in this mechanism. First, secondary user (SU) transmitter sends the RTS frame including transmission power to SU receiver, SU receiver sends CTS frame including receiving power to SU sender. Monitor nodes send position and receiving power to SU sender and SU receiver. SU transmitter selects three monitors that their receiving powers are approach to each other. SU transmitter estimates its position and sending power by deterministic propagation model. This will reduce the interference to hidden PU terminal. Second, the SU in the transmission range of the PU will send one highest priority interrupt frame in control channel to one-hop SU neighbors to protect the PU. We also compare our proposed scheme to the existing IEEE 802.11 DCF and the other MAC protocols in Cognitive Radio ad hoc networks using ns2 simulation tool. We will show that CPC-MAC will improve the system throughput and reduce the energy consumption.