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Cryptocarya chinensis. Its structure was established by spectral analysis including nOe and 2D nmr techniques. 13C-nmr assignments of the related pavine alkaloids (-)-caryachine [2], (-)eschscholtzine [3], (+)-eschscholtzidine [4], and their corresponding N-metho iodides 6 and 7 were also made by using 1 and (-)-caryachine N-metho perchlorate [5] as model compounds.Cryptocarya chinensis Hemsl. (Lauraceae) is a perennial plant widely distributed in forests on lowlands of altitude 500-1000 m in Taiwan and in southeastern China (1). Past studies on the alkaloidal constituents of this species have revealed that it is a good source for pavine alkaloids (2-4). So far, three tertiary pavine alkaloids, namely (-)caryachine [2}, (-)-eschscholtzine [3], and (+ )-eschscholtzidine [4], and a quaternary pavine, (-)-caryachine N-metho perchlorate [5], have been isolated from this species.Here we report the isolation and characterization of an additional new pavine alkaloid, neocaryachine [1], from the stem bark of this plant.