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Recently, a new technology, called Modulation-Assisted Machining (MAM), has been adopted in commercial deephole drilling processes, including gun-drilling applications [2]. In MAM a low-frequency, controlled oscillation is superimposed on the drilling process to alter the mechanics of chip formation [3,4,5,6]. ABSTRACTDeep-hole drilling is among the most critical precision machining processes for production of high-performance discrete components. The effects of drilling with superimposed, controlled low-frequency modulation -Modulation-Assisted Machining (MAM) -on the surface textures created in deep-hole drilling (ie, gun-drilling) are discussed. In MAM, the oscillation of the drill tool creates unique surface textures by altering the burnishing action typical in conventional drilling. The effects of modulation frequency and amplitude are investigated using a modulation device for single-flute gun-drilling on a computer-controlled lathe. The experimental results for the gun-drilling of titanium alloy with modulation are compared and contrasted with conventional gun-drilling. The chip morphology and surface textures are characterized over a range of modulation conditions, and a model for predicting the surface texture is presented. Implications for production gun-drilling are discussed.