This objective limbus tracking system offers a better means by which to study the phoria and its adaptation throughout an eye movement experiment. The broader aim of this research is to establish a tool that will further the basic science of oculomotor control and binocular dysfunctions.

Immunotherapy of malignant tumor is a verified and crucial anti-tumor strategy to help patients with cancer for prolonging prognostic survival. It is a novel anticancer tactics that activates the immune system to discern and damage cancer cells, thereby prevent them from proliferating. However, immunotherapy still faces many challenges in view of clinical efficacy and safety issues. Various nanomaterials, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have been developed not only for anticancer treatment but also for delivering antitumor drugs or combining other treatment strategies. Recently, some studies have focused on AuNPs for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized how AuNPs applicated as immune agents, drug carriers or combinations with other immunotherapies for anticancer treatment. AuNPs can not only act as immune regulators but also deliver immune drugs for cancer. Therefore, AuNPs are candidates for enhancing the efficiency and safety of cancer immunotherapy.

Several key biological mechanisms of traumatic injury to axons have been elucidated using in vitro stretch injury models. These models, however, are based on the experimentation of single cultures keeping productivity slow. Indeed, low yield has hindered important and well-founded investigations requiring high throughput methods such as proteomic analyses. To meet this need, we engineered a multi-well high throughput injury device to accelerate and accommodate the next generation of traumatic brain injury research. This modular system stretch injures neuronal cultures in either a 24-well culture plate format or 6 individual wells simultaneously. Custom software control allows the user to accurately program the pressure pulse parameters to achieve the desired substrate deformation and injury parameters. Analysis of the pressure waveforms showed that peak pressure was linearly related to input pressure and valve open times and that the 6- and 24-well modules displayed rise times, peak pressures, and decays with extremely small standard deviations. Data also confirmed that the pressure pulse was distributed evenly throughout the pressure chambers and therefore to each injury well. Importantly, the relationship between substrate deformation and applied pressure was consistent among the multiple wells and displayed a predictable linear behavior in each module. These data confirm that this multi-well system performs as well as currently used stretch injury devices and can undertake high throughput studies that are needed across the field of neurotrauma research.

Introduction: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, a serious neurological autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies with diverse clinical manifestations, may simultaneously onset with antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) demyelination after recurrent central nervous system (CNS) demyelination.Case Report: We present a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis combining with anti-MOG CNS demyelination following recurrent CNS demyelination. A 38-year-old man admitted to hospital developed epileptic seizures following recurrent episodes of cross-sensory disturbance and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a demyelinating lesion in the right brainstem initially. Despite a good response to methylprednisolone pulse therapy at the beginning, the patient still had relapses and progression after corticosteroid reduction or withdrawal. Then brain MRI discovered new serpentine lesions involving extensive cerebral cortex on his second relapse. Repeat autoantibodies test indicated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMDAR antibodies coexisted with MOG-Abs simultaneously, suggesting the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with anti-MOG CNS demyelination.Results: After a definite diagnosis, the patient was treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroid. He was discharged after his symptoms ameliorated. No neurological sequels remained, and there were no effects on his activities of daily living after 6 months of immunoregulatory therapy of MMF and corticosteroid.Conclusion: For individuals with recurrent CNS demyelination, especially combining with cortical encephalitis, repeated detection of autoantibodies against AE, and demyelination in CSF/serum can be helpful to enable a definite early diagnosis. For patients who suffer from anti-NMDAR encephalitis combining with anti-MOG CNS demyelination, second-line immunotherapy is recommended when first-line treatment such as steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) and plasma exchange has been proven ineffective to prevent the relapse of disease.