A model for exposing and developing photoresist using the reaction mechanism of physics and the chemistry of resist is built, and the micropatterns of recording marks on a stamper are calculated. Compared with our experimental results, the deviation of pit width in simulation is less than 8%. When the width of recording marks is varied by modulating laser power during exposure, a multilevel (ML) read-only disk can be achieved as a result of the corresponding readout signal. Experimental results show that an 8-level read-only optical disk can be realized. The model of mastering serves well for the development of novel ML disks in which the integration of conventional run-length deviations technologies can greatly increase recording density.

We use the holographic AdS/QCD soft-wall model to investigate the spectrum of scalar glueballs in a finite temperature plasma. In this model, glueballs are described by a massless scalar field in an AdS 5 black hole with a dilaton soft-wall background. Using AdS/CFT prescriptions, we compute the boundary retarded Green's function. The corresponding thermal spectral function shows quasiparticle peaks at low temperatures. We also compute the quasinormal modes of the scalar field in the soft-wall black hole geometry. The temperature and momentum dependences of these modes are analyzed. The positions and widths of the peaks of the spectral function are related to the frequencies of the quasinormal modes. Our numerical results are found employing the power series method and the computation of Breit-Wigner resonances.

A new high efficient DC-free (2,8) run-length limited (RLL) code for four-level optical recording channels is proposed. The proposed code can be represented by a finite state diagram (FSM) with three states and implemented easily. The code rate and density ratio of the code are 5/6 bits/symbols and 2.50 bits/minimum-recorded-mark, respectively. On the basis of the experimental results, the performances of the code are evaluated by using partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) technology, which is suitable for detecting multi-level RLL signals. By using four-ary (2,8)RLL modulation and PRML technology, one can increase the recording density 66.7% relative to conventional binary RLL modulation currently used in digital versatile disc (DVD), meanwhile the bit error rate (BER) still be acceptable.

A high-efficient and novel varying-level multilevel run-length-limited modulation code is proposed for signal waveform modulation (SWM) optical discs. The proposed code is composed of a maximum transition run (MTR) code and a level modulation process. The MTR code is employed to realize high code rate and satisfy the requirements of channels. Level modulation is used to eliminate inappropriate codewords for SWM channels and determine the level numbers for different runs. The rate of the presented code is 7/8 bits/symbols, and the recording density parameter RBPF (recording bits per 400 nm) is 2.26, which is 50.7% more than that of a digital versatile disc (DVD). The realization of the proposed code in SWM discs and the corresponding signal characteristics are also shown. With the run-length detection and level detection solution, the bit error rate (BER) is less than 2×10-4, which is feasible for SWM multilevel optical discs.

This study investigates the constellation mapping of the 3-bit soft-decision Viterbi decoder and the decoding system of the Viterbi decoder for trellis-coded modulation (TCM) decoding. By referring to the IESS-310 TCM standard coding scheme, LabVIEW FPGA is employed to design the corresponding decoding circuits of the 3-bit soft-decision TCM Viterbi decoder in a software-defined radio (SDR) system [1]. Finally, the study employs TCM coding and decoding circuits designed by using LabVIEW FPGA to simulate the error rate curve in the AWGN channel. The simulation results surpass the bit error rate (BER) curves of QPSK and 8PSK and the IESS-310 standard.