In
our day-to-day lives, advances in lightweight and flexible photovoltaics
will promote a new generation of soft electronics and machines requiring
high power-per-weight. Ultrathin flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs)
with high power-per-weight have displayed a unique potential for specific
applications where lower weight, higher flexibility, and conformability
are indispensable. This Review highlights the recent progress and
practical applications of ultrathin and lightweight F-PSCs and demonstrates
the routes toward enhanced device efficiency and improved mechanical
and environmental stability concerning the choice of flexible substrates
and the development of high-performance functional layers and flexible
transparent electrodes. The fabrication technologies for mass production
of efficient F-PSCs at large scale are then summarized, including
continuous roll-to-roll methods integrated with low-temperature process.
Furthermore, the practical applications focused on self-powered wearable
electronic devices, solar-powered miniature unmanned aerial vehicles,
and even solar modules operating in near-space are elaborated. Finally,
the current challenging issues and future perspective are discussed,
aiming to promote more extensive applications and commercialization
processes for lightweight F-PSCs.
The electrochemical interface, where the adsorption of
reactants
and electrocatalytic reactions take place, has long been a focus of
attention. Some of the important processes on it tend to possess relatively
slow kinetic characteristics, which are usually beyond the scope of ab initio molecular dynamics. The newly emerging technique,
machine learning methods, provides an alternative approach to achieve
thousands of atoms and nanosecond time scale while ensuring precision
and efficiency. In this Perspective, we summarize in detail the recent
progress and achievements made by the introduction of machine learning
to simulate electrochemical interfaces, and focus on the limitations
of current machine learning models, such as accurate descriptions
of long-range electrostatic interactions and the kinetics of the electrochemical
reactions occurring at the interface. Finally, we further point out
the future directions for machine learning to expand in the field
of electrochemical interfaces.
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