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KAGRA is a gravitational-wave (GW) detector constructed in Japan with two unique key features: It was constructed underground, and the test-mass mirrors are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. These features are not included in other kilometer-scale detectors but will be adopted in future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. KAGRA performed its first joint observation run with GEO600 in 2020. In this observation, the sensitivity of KAGRA to GWs was inferior to that of other kilometer-scale detectors such as LIGO and Virgo. However, further upgrades to the detector are ongoing to reach the sensitivity for detecting GWs in the next observation run, which is scheduled for 2022. In this article, the current situation, sensitivity, and future perspectives are reviewed.

In this study, driver alertness and fatigue-related surveillance were measured by image processing techniques for detecting the driver's face and eyes in a frame. The image was acquired using an infrared-only camera that transforms human pupil into a distinct white circle; hence, the eyes are extracted more easily than those taken from a regular camera. The proposed model recorded eye closure measures, which are proven for the validation of fatigue. A multi-stage eye tracking process was also applied for ensuring robust, real-time eye movement. Meanwhile, a proposed warning module based on a back-propagation neural network employed as an artificial intelligence was used to train the program for adapting each individual. Finally, the proposed module attained a 97% success rate with high reliability at low cost.

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