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Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the deformation and breakup of single bubble in a shear flow. Numerical simulations of single bubble deformation are qualitatively compared with experimental results in a shear flow. Respectively the rotation angle θ is quantitatively compared with experimental results according to different capillary numbers (Ca), which shows numerical simulations are in agreement with the experimental results and theoretical results. Finally, the breakup process of single bubble in a shear flow is simulated straightforwardly.

HH Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir in the South Ordos basin has been developed for more than 7 years on depletion mode. Because of normal pressure (0.8±), extra-low permeability (<0.3×10−3μm2), heterogeneous oil bearing, development effect is not satisfied. A pilot well group was selected to conduct CO2–foam flooding in 2015, while gas channeling phenomenon is so serious that the oil stimulation is poor. To enlarge CO2 sweep efficiency, it is necessary to evaluate adaptable plugging agents and simulate the inter-well fracture network blocking effect in tight reservoir with multiple-scale complicated fractures developed. In this study, four different openings fractures were artificial fabricated in natural crop cores based on the fracture characteristics of the reservoir. Injection performances and plugging capability of the starch gel and the ethylenediamine were evaluated when the gas channeling phenomena appeared during CO2 flooding by the laboratory experiment and the gas channeling control adaptability were analyzed. By experiment numerical simulation, the fracture conductivity multiple index (MULTX) was determined to simulate the fracture blocking effect. Then the reservoir simulation was conducted, classified MULTX were further optimized based on plugging characteristics of complicated fractures network during CO2 flooding. Experiment results indicate that the starch gel is suitable for blocking off fractures with openings between 0.42∼0.65mm. While the ethylenediamine is suitable for control fractures with openings less than 0.24mm, especially for 0.08mm. In Chang 8 tight reservoir, the medium- to large-scale fracture permeability is higher than 200 × 10−3 μm2, the starch gel was applied to control the serious gas channeling. For small- to medium-scale fracture, the ethylenediamine was applied to mitigate gas channeling. Fracture blocking experiments were numerically simulated to determine MULTX being in the range of 10−8∼10−6. Numerical simulation of well group blocking was conducted in the complicated fracture G&G model, MULTX was further optimized to be lower than 10−6 for the medium- to large-scale fracture and 10−4∼10−3 for the small- to medium-scale fracture, keeping seepage capacity of micro-cracks. Well group CO2 flooding shows a promising improving oil recovery, sweeping efficiency is increases from 1.4% to 24.1%, the utilization factor is 4.35 t/t oil, compared with 1.3% recovery factor of depletion mode, by 10 years CO2 periodic injection, recovery factor is enhanced by 3.76%. It is a big challenge to effectively develop the normal pressure continental deposit tight oil reservoir. In China reserves of tight reservoir amount to a large proportion in the unconventional oil reserves. Study results provide technology support for CO2 flooding extended test in HH Chang 8 tight reservoir, also make CO2 flooding method successful application possible in other low pressure tight sandstone oil reservoirs.

In the shale oil reservoirs, the horizontal wells with large-scale fracturing treatments have been the most effective tools to enhance oil productivity. After large-scale fracturing treatments, many micro-seismic data showed that the fracture networks are generated in the reservoir along the wellbore. Understanding the complex fracture properties is the primary step for fracturing evaluation and productivity estimation. Thus, an efficient approach is needed to estimate the fracture properties. To improve this situation, a well-testing approach was proposed in this work to identify the fracture properties. This work was organized as follows: (1) developing a well-testing model of multiple fracture horizontal well (MFHW) including reservoir flow equations, fracture flow equations, and mass balance equations, (2) solving and verifying the proposed model using boundary element method, superposition principle, and numerical approach, (3) applying the well-testing model to investigate the pressure transient behaviors, and (4) estimating the fracture properties of shale oil wells from the Junggar Basin.

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