No abstract

With the excellent settle ability and high-porosity structure, aerobic granular sludge was regarded as one of the promising biotechnologies in wastewater treatment. Developed about one decade ago, it was exciting research work that explored beyond the limits of aerobic wastewater treatment in eliminating a wide range of pollutants from the aquatic environment. On account of recent researches for removing heavy metals such as Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II) and cadmium (VI), a supposition that using aerobic granular sludge as a biosorbent for heavy metals removal from wastewater is put forward. This paper sketches certain correlative characteristics of aerobic granules, including settle ability, extracellular polymeric substance and biological parameters, discussed its feasibility for heavy mental removal, and finally lists a series of preceding studies on treatment of heavy metals by aerobic granular sludge.

In order to further promote the standardization of seismic performance design of bridge structures, one must ensure the quality of bridge design and improve design efficiency. First, based on the basic principle of the probabilistic pushover method, the randomness of the structural pushover curve is attributed to the randomness of plastic hinges. Second, the visualization of seismic performance of bridge structures based on the object-oriented technology is adopted. So that the randomness of seismic action can be considered in the analysis of seismic performance. Finally, the limit state equation of the seismic performance of the structure is used to evaluate the reliability of the seismic performance of the bridge in each limit state conveniently. The results show that the failure probability of the structure in each limit state is less than 0.5 under different basic accelerations from 0 to 0.4 g. The software method is simple in calculation and has a strong adaptability, avoiding the difficulty of seismic reliability analysis caused by large-scale simulation and large amount of calculation of traditional structures. Therefore, this method can be easily applied to the probabilistic analysis of seismic behavior of bridge structures under large earthquakes without evaporative deformation failure criterion.