Children’s psychological language development cannot be explained by the mechanism of adults learning a second language, and there are great differences between them. Children’s language acquisition ability is congenital. They can obtain language information with the help of sensory organs and learn language features through brain black box processing. Therefore, studying the influence of children’s psychological language development is helpful to solve the problem of human language learning and provide a reliable research basis for language education. An important research method of psycholinguistics is behavioral experiment, which can provide detailed and real research materials and data on children’s language learning process, but it cannot reflect children’s psychological process. In this paper, the computer digital statistical technology model is introduced into the research on the impact of children’s psychological language development, combined with the dual network model of language model to simulate the psychological mechanism of children’s language acquisition process. The simulation results of the model show that the acquisition of phoneme category has an important impact on children’s language development. Compared with before learning, after children complete learning, the clustering and compactness of language consonant and vowel phoneme range are improved, which promotes the learning of language features.