Morphogenesis, commonly found in leaves, [1-3] flowers, [4,5] cones, [6] seed pods [7,8] and other biological systems, is typically driven by differential growth, swelling, or shrinkage [6,9,10] that occurs within multilayered components of species. For example, the opening and closing of pine cones are attributed to the tissue's self-bending, which undergoes three states of humidity-driven deformation. [6] As these morphological changes in nature result from the variation of the surrounding environment, it is desirable to mimic these natural examples to fabricate multilayered structures that can spontaneously respond to various external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, biochemical enzymes, magnetic fields, and solvent composition, [11-14] which can find a variety of applications, such as semiconductor nanotubes, [15-18] soft robotics, [19-22] snapping surface, [23] and micro/ nanoelectromechanical systems. [24-26] For a multilayer structure, the misfit strain across layers can lead to some interesting phenomena such as multistability, where more than one stable state exists with the same boundary conditions or control parameters of the system. One specific case is called neutral stability, in which the system can stay stable at each point in a continuous path of shape change. In such a case, the system is said to have zero stiffness because the potential energy of the system keeps unchanged during the shape change and theoretically no external force is needed. Various cases that incorporate neutrally stable (zero stiffness) systems have been studied. Guest et al. [27,28] discovered neutral stability of a heated copper beryllium strip, the shape of which depended on the residual stresses. The strip has zero stiffness for finite deformation along
3D Self‐Folding Structures In article number http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aisy.202000101, Qiaohang Guo, Zi Chen, and co‐workers use a strain engineering approach to fabricate bilayer structures across multiple length scales that can transform configuration between cylindrical and helical ribbon shapes. The mechanical principle can be applied to design and fabricate programmable and reconfigurable structures with applications in micro‐electromechanical system, energy harvesting, and flexible robotics. The cover image uses the versatile helical shapes to create a pattern of Bagua, which represents the fundamental principles of reality.
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