Objective. To explore the influence of rehabilitation nursing under the guidance of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model on the perioperative nursing effect of artificial hip replacement and to analyze the effect of this nursing model on the quality of life and postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing artificial hip replacement. Methods. A total of 200 patients with hip arthroplasty treated in our hospital from January 2019 to July 2021 were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned into the control group and study group. The former received routine nursing, and the latter received rehabilitation nursing under the guidance of the HAPA model. Nursing satisfaction, pain score, Harris hip function score, timed stand-up-walk test, MBI score, and quality of life score were compared. Results. First of all, we compared the nursing satisfaction. In the study group, 86 cases were very satisfied, 8 cases were satisfied, and 6 cases were general; the satisfaction rate was 100%. In the control group, 48 cases were very satisfied, 22 cases were satisfied, 12 cases were general, and 18 cases were dissatisfied; the satisfaction rate was 82.0%. The nursing satisfaction in the study group was higher compared to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Secondly, we compared the pain scores. Before nursing, there exhibited no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). After nursing, the pain score of the two groups increased. Moreover, the pain score of the study group at discharge and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation was lower compared to that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Before nursing, there exhibited no significant difference in the Harris hip joint function score ( P > 0.05 ). After nursing, the Harris hip function score increased. Furthermore, the Harris hip function score of the study group at discharge and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation was higher compared to that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). In terms of the timed stand-up-walking test, there exhibited no significant difference before nursing ( P > 0.05 ). After nursing, the time of the timed stand-up-walk test in both groups decreased. And the timed stand-up-walk test at discharge and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation in the study group was lower compared to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the MBI scores, there exhibited no significant difference before nursing ( P > 0.05 ). After nursing, the MBI scores increased. Of note, the MBI scores of the study group at discharge and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation were higher compared to those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Finally, we compared the scores of life quality. Before nursing, there exhibited no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). After nursing, the scores of life quality decreased. The scores of physiological function, psychological function, social function, and health self-cognition in the study group were lower compared to those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The perioperative rehabilitation nursing program of artificial hip replacement for the elderly based on the HAPA model is feasible, which can effectively enhance the functional recovery of hip joint, promote the ability of self-care of daily life, relieve pain and anxiety, and help to achieve dynamic balance and gait stability in the early stage. The rehabilitation program is better than routine nursing. As a new social cognitive model, the HAPA model is applied to the rehabilitation nursing environment of hip replacement from the aspect of social cognitive behavior, which can help to enhance the rehabilitation behavior of elderly patients, playing an important role in the rehabilitation effect of perioperative nursing.