With the rapid development of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation, the phenomenon of wind and solar abandoning becomes more and more serious in the operation of power systems, and the microgrid is a new operating mode of power systems which provides a new consumption mode for wind power generation. With the increasingly close connection among energy resources and people's increasing awareness of environmental protection, this paper establishes a microgrid optimal scheduling model with a combined heat and power system, in consideration of environmental costs. This model aims at the lowest comprehensive cost, at the same time taking into account the emission reductions of SO 2 and NO x , considering the cost of power generated by the micro-generator, environmental cost, the related cost of battery, operation and maintenance cost of wind power, and photovoltaic power generation. The related constraints of thermal balance and power balance are also considered during microgrid system operation. The established model is solved with an improved particle swarm algorithm. At last, taking a microgrid system as an example, the validity and reliability of the proposed model are verified.Energies 2018, 11, 2493 2 of 23 microgrid system with wind and light storage [11,12], to achieve the goal of reducing the total operating costs and SO 2 and NO x emissions, has become an urgent problem to be solved.In recent years, the related research on microgrids has achieved certain results. In [13], Mao et al. comprehensively considered the operating cost, pollutant discharge, and operational risk, and established a multi-objective optimization model based on microgrids. It considered the impact of distributed power output volatility on microgrid operation, which can effectively improve the operation and management level of microgrids. In [14], Wu et al., based on the model of each power source in the microgrid, established the scheduling model when grid-connected, and proposed the mixed integer programming method applied to the optimal scheduling of the microgrid, which proves that this method has strong advantages in both computation time and calculation accuracy, and can provide fast and accurate scheduling information for short-term and ultra-short-term energy management of microgrids. In [15], Fubara et al. comprehensively considered the power balance and heat balance in a microgrid, and took the lowest operation cost as target, while considering the energy utilization rate, and two different operational strategies were proposed, which were applied to three different models. Through calculation, the operating costs under each power generation strategy were compared and verified. This contributed to the improvement of the energy efficiency of the microgrid. However, in [14,15], the investment of renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaics, is not taken into account, which can reduce the emission of pollutants to a certain degree. In [16], Thompson et al. established a multi-objective economic scheduling...

With the development and utilization of distributed energy and microgrid, distributed energy storage has become a new development trend. However, small pumped storage units have the advantages of flexible engineering location, low investment, quick effect, low requirements on transmission lines, and a better solution to the peak load demand of the system. Therefore, it is more and more used in the microgrid, and it conducts joint dispatching with wind power, photovoltaic, and other clean energies. To solve the capacity problem of small pumped storage units within the microgrid, a new control strategy is proposed in this paper. Two pumped storage units are used for joint operations. Taking the smoothed combined output power of wind power, photovoltaic power, and pumped storage power as the target, and considering the limitations of transmission lines, the constraints of wind power and photovoltaic power fields as well as the restrictions of pumped storage power units and corresponding reservoirs are taken into account. In this paper, social particle swarm optimization (SPSO) with improved weight is used to calculate and solve the model. The effectiveness of the new control strategy is verified.

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As a representative form of new energy generation, wind power has effectively alleviated environmental pollution and energy shortages. This paper constructs a green economic indicator to measure the degree of coordinated development of environmental and social benefits. To increase the amount of wind power consumption, an economic dispatch model based on the coordinated operation of cogeneration units and electric boilers was established; we also introduced the green certificate transaction cost, which effectively meets the strategic needs of China’s energy low-carbon transformation top-level system design. Wind power output has instability and volatility, so it puts higher requirements on the stable operation of thermal power units. To solve the stability problem, this paper introduces the output index of the thermal power unit and rationally plans the unit combination strategy, as well as introducing the concept of chance-constrained programming due to the uncertainty of load and wind power in the model. Uncertainty factors are transformed into load forecasting errors and wind power prediction errors for processing. Based on the normal distribution theory, the uncertainty model is transformed into a certain equivalence class model, and the improved disturbance mutated particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed model are verified based on the IEEE30 node system.