Berries are fairly favored by consumers. Phenolic compounds are the major phytochemicals in berries, among which anthocyanins are one of the most studied. Phenolic compounds are reported to have prebiotic-like effects. In the present study, we identified the anthocyanin profiles, evaluated and compared the antioxidant capacities and gut microbiota modulatory effects of nine common berries, namely blackberry, black goji berry, blueberry, mulberry, red Chinese bayberry, raspberry, red goji berry, strawberry and white Chinese bayberry. Anthocyanin profiles were identified by UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. In vitro antioxidant capacity was evaluated by four chemical assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC). In vivo antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota modulatory effects evaluation was carried out by treating healthy mice with different berry extracts for two weeks. The results show that most berries could improve internal antioxidant status, reflected by elevated serum or colonic T-AOC, GSH, T-SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX levels, as well as decreased MDA content. All berries significantly altered the gut microbiota composition. The modulatory effects of the berries were much the same, namely by the enrichment of beneficial SCFAs-producing bacteria and the inhibition of potentially harmful bacteria. Our study shed light on the gut microbiota modulatory effect of different berries and may offer consumers useful consumption guidance.

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A two-dimensional asymmetric bistable stochastic resonance (TABSR) system model is proposed, and the parameter optimization is performed adaptively by genetic algorithm (GA). In essence, the model is coupled by a monostable model with an asymmetric piecewise-linear model by means of linear coupling. The monostable model is used as the control system, and the asymmetric piecewise-linear model is used as the controlled system. A set of parameters of the controlled system is firstly obtained, so the TABSR system model can achieve better performance by adjusting the parameters and coupling coefficients of the control system. The output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) formula of the two-dimensional model is derived and compared with the asymmetric piecewise-linear stochastic resonance (APSR) model. Then the effects of system parameters and coupling coefficients of the control system on system performance are explored. Through numerical simulation, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified, and the system is proved to have high theoretical research value. Finally, TABSR is applied to industrial bearing fault diagnosis to recognize weak fault signals which shows the practical application value and the comprehensive performance comparison with APSR is conducted to validate the advancement of TABSR.