Service offering channels in banking sector has emerged on scene with a variety of forms such as internet banking, mobile banking, and ATM. Mature competition and global finance system have forced to investigate the significance of customer satisfaction. This study was set to assess customers' satisfaction in ATM service by taking the case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE), which is the leading bank in the country, using SERVPERF model. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 385 valid respondents who are customers of CBE, using convenient sampling technique. Data were analysed using SPSS-frequencies and percentages, mean scores, Cronbach alpha, Pearson's linear correlation and regression analysis. The study was based on the three research objectives: (a) to measure whether ATM service quality corresponds to each dimensions of SERVPERF (b) to analyze the customer satisfaction on ATM service quality, and c) to investigate the level of customer satisfaction. The findings revealed that all the service quality dimensions are significantly and positively associated with the overall customer satisfaction. Besides, Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Empathy and Assurance are highlighted as significant predictors and key factors in determining the customer satisfaction. But Assurance was found as the most influential predictor of customer satisfaction. The researchers recommend that in order to ensure customer satisfaction improving the performance on all the dimensions of (ATM) service quality is imperative.

Plants have been used since long time ago to treat infectious diseases and are considered as important sources of new antimicrobial agents. In this study, crude extracts from leaves of Conyza bonariensis were prepared using methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against pathogenic fungi causing superficial infection (Candida albicans, Malassezia globosa, and Malassezia furfur). Results demonstrated that all extracts had different effects against all the tested fungi with the exception of crude extract using hexane which did not show any effect against M. furfur. A strong effect was observed with chloroform and hexane extracts on C. albicans (32.60 ± 4.69 mm and 27.00 ± 1.00 mm), respectively. While, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed the best effect against M. furfur (30.80 ± 1.71 mm and 27.00 ± 1.00 mm), respectively. Moreover, the ethyl acetate showed a considerable effect on M. globosa (25.03 ± 1.05 mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fractions was also determined by the microbroth dilution method. The results recorded as the MIC values of the tested extracts against fungi varied from 0.19 ± 0.00 to 66.66 ± 2.86 mg/mL. Ethyl acetate was the best and powerful extract with the lowest MIC value of 0.190.19 ± 0.00 mg/mL for all tested fungi followed by chloroform and methanol extracts with the MIC values ranging from 0.19 ± 0.00 to 0.78 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.84 ± 0.68 to 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Concerning minimum bactericidal concentration (MFC), ethyl acetate was the most potent extract with a MFC value of 0.190.19 ± 0.00 mg/mL for C. albicans and M. furfur. Higher (0.39 mg/mL) MFC was recorded against M. globosa by this extract. In conclusion, solvent extracts of some C. bonariensis can be used to treat infections with pathogenic fungi such as C. albicans, M. furfur, and M. globosa. Further studies should consider this plant as one of the best candidates for the discovery of potent antimicrobial compounds that treat superficial infections.