We conducted a study to analyze the unmet needs of and risk factors for use of assistive walking devices by the elderly based on sample survey data from Shanghai, China from July to October 2019. Among a total sample size of 11,193 people age 55 and older, 1,947 people (17.39%) needed assistive walking devices, 829 (42.58%) of whom needed but did not use those devices. Multivariate analysis indicated that residence, living alone or cohabitating, indoor handrails, the number of diseases, and IADL were factors influencing the unmet need for assistive walking devices (p < 0.05, respectively). People who lived in community health centers (p = 0.0104, OR = 1.956, 95% CI: 1.171-3.267) and those who lived only with their spouse (p = 0.0002, OR = 2.901, 95% CI: 1.641-5.126) were more likely to have an unmet need for assistive walking devices. People without indoor handrails (p = 0.0481, OR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.517-0.997), those with 3 or more diseases (p = 0.0008, OR = 0.577, 95% CI: 0.418-0.796), and those with severely impaired IADL (p = 0.0002, OR = 0.139, 95% CI: 0.05-0.386) were less likely to have an unmet need for assistive walking devices. Self-perceived needs of the elderly, the diversity and performance of assistive devices, and the accessibility and affordability of assistive walking devices may lead to unmet needs.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disease in the elderly, and a study had revealed that its prevalence in Chinese elderly women is 16.9% (1). Women with UI were more likely to have symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as poor quality of life (QoL). There is a consensus that UI greatly affects QoL, and even mild urinary leakage significantly reduces QoL. UI also involves certain expenses. A study reported that women with UI used an average of 1.8 ± 2.1 incontinence products in 24 hours with a mean weekly cost of $5.42 ± $8.59 (2). Some chronic conditions like COPD, dementia, and Parkison's disease (PD) warrant attention in women with UI.In summary, UI is one of the most common geriatric syndromes, influencing overall health, QoL, and financial circumstances in elderly people. The current largescale population-based study sought to explore possible factors related to UI, with a focus on women with UI and dementia. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Health Development Research Center (No. 2022009), and all subjects signed a written informed consent form prior to commencing the study. Study designThis study was designed based on a longitudinal followup conducted in Shanghai (China) from 2013 to 2021 (Supplemental Data, http://www.biosciencetrends. com/action/getSupplementalData.php?ID=141). The inclusion criteria were: i) women who age 60 and older; ii) individuals who were continuously followed; iii) women who did not have UI at the beginning of the study; and iv) women who responded "Yes" to the