The Bower's Berylmys (Berylmys bowersi) is one of the largest rodent species with a wide distribution range in southern China and the Indochinese Peninsula. The taxonomy and evolutionary history of the B. bowersi is still controversial and confusing.In this study, we used two mitochondrial (Cyt b and COI) and three nuclear (GHR, IRBP, and RAG1) genes to estimate the phylogeny, divergence times, and biogeographic history of B. bowersi. We also explored morphological variations among the specimens collected across China. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that the traditional B. bowersi contains at least two species: B. bowersi and B. latouchei. Berylmys latouchei was considered a junior synonym of B. bowersi distributed in eastern China, which is confirmed to be distinguishable at specific level because of its larger size, relatively larger and whiter hind feet, and several cranial traits. The estimated split of B. bowersi and B. latouchei was at the early Pleistocene (ca. 2.00 Mya), which might be the outcome of the combined effects of climate change in the early Pleistocene and isolation by the Minjiang River. Our results highlight the Wuyi Mountains in northern Fujian, China, as a glacial refugia during the Pleistocene and call for more intensive surveys and systematic revisions of small mammals in eastern China.

A kind of wear-resistant diamond-like carbon (DLC) films doped with Ni, N, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by a combined method of pulsed electrodeposition and liquid-phase electrodeposition. The effect of different concentrations of MWCNTs on the microstructure and friction mechanism of Co-DLC films is investigated. The results show that the polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA)-MWCNTs complex tend to deposit parallel to the substrate. Benefiting from the "bridging" effect of the MWCNTs between the cluster structures, it effectively reduces the protrusions on the surface of the films. When the concentration of MWCNTs is 0.06 g L À1 , the surface microstructure of the films is uniform and dense, and the films present a low I D /I G value (0.57) and a high sp 3 -C content. The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy patterns reveal that the Ni/N/MWCNTs-DLC films are typical amorphous carbon films. Furthermore, the micro-indentation hardness of the Co-DLC films reaches 513.24 HV. The lubricated Ni/N/MWCNTs-DLC films significantly improve the frictional wear properties of the titanium alloy surface, which is mainly attributed to the homogeneous and dense structure and the low friction coefficient (0.146) and wear loss (1.40 Â 10 À5 kg m À1 ).

A low-roughness ultra-thin copper foil was prepared by pulsed electrodeposition on titanium substrate. The influence of sodium 3,3'-dithiodipropane sulfonate (SPS), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), gelatin and collagen additives on the microstructure, mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of electrolytic copper foil was explored. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of SPS and collagen additives on electrodeposited copper was discussed. The results showed that at 0.08 g/L collagen concentration, the lowest thickness, the highest microhardness and the optimal surface roughness were achieved to be 5.12 µm, 279.63 HV0.05 and 1.885 µm, respectively. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that electrolytic copper foils prepared by SPS was introduced into the blank solution had a preferred orientation of (220) texture, which benefitted from the synergistic effect of copper ions and additives. The intermediates formed by the additive and Cu+ occupied the active sites on the cathode surface that increased nucleation sites for deposition. Besides, the formed complexes can act as a barrier to narrow ion deposition channels and inhibit the growth of Cu ions.