This paper investigates the organizational and locational features of supply networks in the car industry. Its primary theoretical concern is to distinguish mainstream theoretical approaches to this topic and critically discuss them in the context of peripheral economies. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to shed light on the Turkish car industry and focus on the local supply chain of Tofas, one of the most important carmakers in Turkey.

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The papers gathered here focus on the transformation of the social and spatial structure that has been underway in Istanbul since the end of the last century. They offer a range of perspectives on the dynamics of what in English is called 'Urban Regeneration'. In much of Western Europe and North America, the age of 'Urban Regeneration' was officially announced in the mid-1990s. It reflected a shift towards urban-focused economic strategy-making, the rise of new urban consumer groups, and the diversion of capital from industrial investment to asset markets and property development. Since the recession of 2008 brought an end to the credit-fuelled house price boom, 'Urban Regeneration' has lost its lustre. For many it is now discredited. The promises held out in its name generally failed to materialize, and the built environment engineered in its name has often turned out to be superficial and unsustainable, socially divisive, and of dubious architectural and urban design value. Owen Hatherley (2010) mocks urban regeneration in Britain-dominated by architects, urban designers, large-scale developers, property financiers, and local politicians desperately seeking a 'competitive image'-as the hyped-up architecture of Blairism. But if urban regeneration has lost credibility in its western homelands, in Turkey it is still fashionable, especially amongst those with access to State power and investment capital. And the measures introduced in the name of regeneration, or renewal, are rapidly transforming the look of at least the central parts of many Turkish cities. This is

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This article focuses on the Turkish automotive industry and examines the sector's resilience using secondary data. The empirical investigation is based on the concept of the rivet effect and its impact on firm survival within the first tier supply chain of local original equipment manufacturers that operate in the Marmara region. This region is considered the industrial heartland of the Turkish economy and is an example of a mega-city region comprising multiple clusters: Bursa, Istanbul, Kocaeli, and Sakarya. The study findings indicate a spatially uneven impact of the rivet hypothesis in the region. From the perspective of economic geography and regional planning, it is clear that these co-located automotive clusters differ from each other not only with respect to production organization, size, and historical evolution, but also with reference to the density and spatial composition of their supplier-customer linkages. ÖZ Bu yazıda, perçin etkisi kavramı üzerinden Türk otomotiv yan sanayisinin dayanıklılığına ilişkin niceliksel ve mekânsal bir okuma yapılıyor. Yazıda sektörün dayanıklılığı ikincil veriler üzerinden yan sanayi firmalarının birincil tedarik ağı içinde kalabilme becerileri bağlamında ele alınıyor. Çalışmamızın ampirik çerçevesini Türk ekonomisinin motoru olarak kabul edilen Marmara Bölgesi'ndeki dört otomotiv odağı (Bursa, İstanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya) oluşturuyor. Yaptığımız analizler perçin hipotezinin bu bölgedeki mekânsal etkilerinin homojen olmadığını gösteriyor. Ekonomik coğrafya ve bölge planlama perspektifinden değerlendirdiğimizde bu dört odağın birbirinden, üretim organizasyonu, büyüklük ve tarihsel gelişim süreçleri bakımlarından olduğu kadar, ana-yan sanayi bağlantılarının yoğunluk ve mekânsal tercihleri bakımından da farklılaştığını ve her odağın kendi yapısal özellikleri ve gelişme yörüngeleri doğrultusunda perçin ekonomilerine farklı tepkiler verdiğini söyleyebiliriz. Anahtar sözcükler: Dayanıklılık; perçin etkisi; üretim zincirleri; kümelenme; otomotiv endüstrisi.