Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally for over three years, and chest computed tomography (CT) has been used to diagnose COVID-19 and identify lung damage in COVID-19 patients. Given its widespread, CT will remain a common diagnostic tool in future pandemics, but its effectiveness at the beginning of any pandemic will depend strongly on the ability to classify CT scans quickly and correctly when only limited resources are available, as it will happen inevitably again in future pandemics. Here, we resort into the transfer learning procedure and limited hyperparameters to use as few computing resources as possible for COVID-19 CT images classification. Advanced Normalisation Tools (ANTs) are used to synthesise images as augmented/independent data and trained on EfficientNet to investigate the effect of synthetic images. On the COVID-CT dataset, classification accuracy increases from 91.15% to 95.50% and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) from 96.40% to 98.54%. We also customise a small dataset to simulate data collected in the early stages of the outbreak and report an improvement in accuracy from 85.95% to 94.32% and AUC from 93.21% to 98.61%. This study provides a feasible Low-Threshold, Easy-To-Deploy and Ready-To-Use solution with a relatively low computational cost for medical image classification at an early stage of an outbreak in which scarce data are available and traditional data augmentation may fail. Hence, it would be most suitable for low-resource settings.

<p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally for two years, and chest computed tomography (CT) has been used to diagnose COVID-19 and identify lung damage in long COVID-19 patients. At the beginning of the epidemic, there was a shortage of large and publicly available CT datasets due to privacy concerns. Therefore, it is important to classify CT scans correctly when only limited resources are available, as it will happen again in future pandemics. We followed the transfer learning procedure and limited hyperparameters to use as few computing resources as possible. The Advanced Normalisation Tools (ANTs) were used to synthesise images as augmented/independent data and trained on EfficientNet to investigate the effect of synthetic images. On the COVID-CT dataset, classification accuracy increased from 91.15% to 95.50% and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) from 96.40% to 98.54%. We also customised a small dataset to simulate data collected in the early stages of the outbreak and improve accuracy from 85.95% to 94.32% and AUC from 93.21% to 98.61%. This paper provides a feasible solution with a relatively low computational cost for medical image classification when scarce data are available and traditional data augmentation may fail.   </p> <p><br></p> <p>This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible. </p>