Surgical site infection is rare after LC, and antibiotic prophylaxis does not appear to affect the outcome significantly. Moreover, factors such as positive bile cultures, history of biliary attack, ASA score, diabetes, obesity, and smoking do not have any effect on SSI development. Thus, we conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis is not needed for elective LC.

Further studies and validations are required; in the tumors of patients with PDAC without activating mutations and induced expression of EGFR/KRAS genes, down-regulated miR-216b expression may be associated with a poor response to radiotherapy via deregulation of another signaling pathway related to FGFR1 signaling.

Patients with colorectal liver metastases that are less than 5 and confined into one lobe, could benefit from metastasis surgery most if the primary tumor is resected.

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45.5%) laparoscopic, and 122 (16.0%) open surgical management. Prior to surgical management, 9.9% (95% CI: 9.1-10.6%) of patients underwent other treatment. Symptom relief (percentage with 95% CI) was accomplished in 92.5% (91.7-93.3%), 91.4% (90.6-92.2%), 86.9% (84.9-88.9%) of patients treated with PAS, laparoscopic or open surgery, respectively. QoL was rarely examined. Cyst recurrence rates were 0.3% (0.3-0.4%), 16.4% (14.9-17.8%) and 13.1% (11.1-15.1%). Major complication rate was 0.7% (0.6-0.8%), 1.7% (1.6-1.9%) and 2.5% (2.0-2.9%), respectively. Conclusions: Similar results were found for PAS and surgery with respect to symptom relief and complications. PAS was associated with lower cyst recurrence rates than surgery. We advocate PAS as primary treatment in a stepup protocol for SHCs.