The efficacy of lauromacrogol injection therapy and intralesional triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas (IH) has been well documented recently, but with an increase in serious or rare adverse reactions. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety concerns regarding intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for IH and to study its effect on infant growth and development. A total of 1039 IH patients who were subjected to intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone in the Plastic Surgery Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital between 1 January 2015 and 31 May 2018 were enrolled in this study. When the dose of lauromacrogol and triamcinolone was less than 3.5 and 2.0 mg/kg respectively, no serious side‐effects were observed. The adverse event rate reported was 7.7%. Among the 405 patients not subjected to propranolol before the last injection, the study included three modes of treatment response: regression (82.7%), stabilization (13.8%) and failure (3.5%). By comparing height and weight to the reference standards and also by comparisons between the same‐sex groups, our results confirmed that there was no significant effect on children's height and weight, regardless of whether the injection therapy was combined with oral propranolol at the appropriate dose and with more than 4‐week intervals. Intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone in the treatment of IH was highly safe and effective.

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Background Fat transplantation is a common method employed to treat soft-tissue defects. The dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes has been well documented, but whether it occurs after fat transplantation remains unclear. Objectives The major purpose of this project was to investigate the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes after fat transplantation. Methods Human lipoaspirate tissue was obtained from 6 female patients who underwent esthetic liposuction. Mature adipocytes were extracted and labeled with PKH26, mixed with lipoaspirate, and injected into nude mice. In addition, PKH26+ adipocytes were subjected to a ceiling culture. Grafted fat was harvested from nude mice, and stromal vascular fragment cells were isolated. The immunophenotype of PKH26+ cells was detected by flow cytometry analysis at 2 days and 1 week. The PKH26+ cells were sorted and counted at 2 and 4 weeks to verify their proliferation and multilineage differentiation abilities. Results Two days after transplantation, almost no PKH26+ cells were found in the stromal vascular fragment cells. The PKH26+ cells found 1 week after transplantation showed a positive expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 90 (CD90) and CD105 and a negative expression of CD45. This indicates that the labeled adipocytes were dedifferentiated. Its pluripotency was further demonstrated by fluorescent cell sorting and differentiation culture in vitro. In addition, the number of live PKH26+ cells at week 4 [(6.83 ± 1.67) × 104] was similar with that at week 2 [(7.11 ± 1.82) × 104]. Conclusions Human mature adipocytes can dedifferentiate into stem cell-like cells in vivo after fat transplantation.