With the global ambition of moving towards carbon neutrality, this sets to increase significantly with most of the energy sources from renewables. As a result, cost-effective and resource efficient energy conversion and storage will have a great role to play in energy decarbonization. This review focuses on the most recent developments of one of the most promising energy conversion and storage technologies – the calcium-looping. It includes the basics and barriers of calcium-looping beyond CO2 capture and storage (CCS) and technological solutions to address the associated challenges from material to system. Specifically, this paper discusses the flexibility of calcium-looping in the context of CO2 capture, combined with the use of H2-rich fuel gas conversion and thermochemical heat storage. To take advantage of calcium-looping based energy integrated utilization of CCS (EIUCCS) in carbon neutral power generation, multiple-scale process innovations will be required, starting from the material level and extending to the system level.

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