No abstract

This study is an attempt to examine whether the deviations of purchasing power parity and uncover interest rate parity Granger-cause the 1997 Asian financial crisis by using vector autoregression and Granger causality tests. The results show that the purchasing power parity and uncover interest rate parity do not hold for most Asian markets. We find weak evidence to support that the deviations of purchasing power parity and uncover interest rate parity have the power to explicate the origin of the financial crisis.

This note remedies a risk measure, which was proposed by the work of Jan and Wang (2012). They used property of martingale to measure idiosyncratic risk, and illustrated that it is better than the measurements of variance and semivariance. However, their risk measure can't distinguish between the assets whose return rising firstly and then declining, and the assets whose return declining firstly and then rising. In this note, I propose a remedied method, which puts more weight to the recent return's variation, and demonstrate that the new weighting risk measure is more close to the investor risk conception.

This paper proposes a simple three‐step matrix method to assess the situations in the marketplace. First, an industry perspective matrix is developed to assess the opportunities and threats in the operating environment. Next, a competitive position matrix is constructed, to determine the strength and weakness of the strategic business unit. Then, the two are combined to produce a market situation matrix. Any firm can locate its strategic business unit into these matrices, and thereby assess its current and predicted future position in a given marketplace. This approach is very easy to implement in practice, and provides a clearer assessment of strategic options than any single decision matrix alone.

Contribution/ OriginalityThe relationship between annuity and rate of return had been well developed. The paper's primary contribution is to provide the effect of the annual saving discount on the rate of return.